Table 1.

Examples of nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis techniques

Nanoparticles	Green synthesis technique	Shape	Size (nm)	Reported applications	References
Ag	Maltose as reducing agent and soluble starch as stabilizer	Spherical with high monodispersity	5	-	[174]
Ag	Microwave-assisted using orange peel extract	Nanospheres	7.36 ± 8.06	-	[181]
Ag	In vivo synthesis of nanomaterials in plants: Brassica juncea, Festuca rubra, and Medicago sativa	Variable	Variable	-	[182]
Ag	Using marine algae Caulerpa racemosa	Spherical with few triangular nanoparticles	10 nm mean	-	[183]
Ag	Maltose as reductor and cornstarch as stabilizing agent	Spherical	5–20	Included in nanocomposite films for dairy product shelf-life extension	[184]
Ag	Maltose as reductor and different concentrations of cornstarch as stabilizing agent	Spherical	13.4–19.9	Included in starch films for food packaging area	[185]
Ag	Lemon juice as reducing and stabilizing agent	Spherical	5.5–13.5	Included in starch-nanocomposite films for packaging area	[186]
Au	Using citrus fruits aqueous extract: Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus sinensis	Various shapes	15–80	-	[187]
Au	Using brown algae Cystoseira baccata	Spherical	8.4 ± 2.2	Anticancer activity	[188]
Au	Using Lawsoniainermis leaf extract	Spherical	∼20	Catalytic activity in the degradation of anthropogenic aromatic pollutants and dyes, like bromophenol blue and methyl red	[189]
Au	Using an endophytic strain Fusarium solani ATLOY – 8 has been isolated from the plant Chonemorpha fragrans	Needle and flower-like structures with spindle shape	40–45	The NPs have shown effective anticancer activities	[190]
CoO	Complexation and surface passivation with starch	Square	15–30	-	[191]
Co3O4	Using leaves extract of plant Calotropis gigantea	Spherical	50–60	Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and dye-sensitized solar cells	[192]
CoO	Using P. granatum extracts	Spherical	40–80	Photo-catalytic applications	[193]
Co3O4	Walnut green skin extract as reducing and stabilizing agent	Spherical	60–80	-	[194]
CoO/Co3O4	Rosemary extract	Sheet	∼100	-	[195]
Cu/Cu2O	Synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of copper in water	Spherical and are self-assembled forming a cactus-like	2–7	-	[196]
Cu	Using carboxymethyl cellulose as capping agent	Spherical	5.5 ± 0.5	Inclusion on modified electrode and used as electrochemical nitrite sensor	[197]
CuO	Citric acid mediated synthesis using cinnamon bark extracts	Spherical	50–300	Catalytic degradation of dyes and antimicrobial activity	[198]
Cu	Microwave-mediated green synthesis using Citrus sinensis aqueous fruit extract	Round shape	6.93–20.70	-	[199]
Fe	Using Eucalyptus Tereticornis leaves extract	Cubic	40–60	Can be applied as an adsorption − flocculation agent in water purification and contaminated groundwater remediation	[200]
Fe3O4	Using Aloe vera extract	Cubic Spinel Structure	6–30	-	[201]
Fe2O3/Fe3O4	By laser ablation method at different values of energy	Spherical and agglomerates	14.9–18.7	-	[202]
MgO	Using bacteria	Cubic	30	Anticancer study	[203]
MgO	Using Costus pictus D. Don plant leaf extract as a reducing agent	Hexagonal	∼50	Antimicrobial and anticancer activity	[204]
MnO2	Using fresh lemon juice and peel extract	Agglomerates of fine particles with juice and nanorods with peel extract	< 10 nm and nanorods of 8.8 nm	Possible application as positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries	[205]
TiO2	Using leaf aqueous extract of Solanum trilobatum	Uneven spherical and oval	70	Larvicidal and pediculicidal activities	[206]
TiO2	Bengal gram beans (Cicer arietinum L.)	Spherical	∼14	As anode in lithium-ion battery	[207]
TiO2	Using leaf extract of Jatropha curcasL	Spherical	13	Photocatalytic degradation of tannery wastewater	[208]
TiO2	Using lemon peel extract	Spherical	80–140	-	[209]
ZnO	Zn(NO3)2 as precursor and Cayratia pedata leaves extract as reducing agent	Agglomerated form confirmed by FESEM analysis	52.24	-	[168]
ZnO	Combination of sol–gel with hydrothermal growth, using tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a structure-directing agent	Nanorods	Width 15 nm, and length 236 nm	Incorporated in composite materials	[210]
ZnO	Laser ablation using a starch solution as controller and stabilizer agent	Spherical	6–28	-	[211]