Figure 4.

Intracellular Li⁺ accumulation in neural progenitor cells and iPSC-derived neurons. Intracellular Li⁺ confocal imaging was performed in NPCs (a, scale bar 20 μm) and neurons (b, scale bar 100 μm) from both healthy donors (left) and BD patients (right). ICP-MS measurements of Li (c) and Na (d) in neurons are shown; the connected dots are from the same differentiation batch. n = 11, **p = 0.0016 < 0.01 (Li) and ns p = 0.8658 > 0.05 (Na) using two-tailed paired t test. (e) BD over healthy ratios of Li and Na were calculated using the ICP results from the same differentiation batch, ***p = 0.0005 < 0.001 with a two-tailed unpaired t test.