Table 2.
Characteristics of rectal cancer cases diagnosed during 2006–2013 among 45 and Up Study participants, NSW Australia
| By neighbourhood socioeconomic measure | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | nSES 1 (Lowest) | nSES 2 | nSES 3 | nSES 4 (Highest) | p value* | ||
| No. of cases | 546 | 134 (25%) | 166 (30%) | 145 (27%) | 101 (18%) | ||
| Patients’ characteristics | |||||||
| Age at diagnosis mean (SD), years | 67.2 (9.2) | 69.5 (8.5) | 66.9 (8.9) | 66.8 (9.4) | 64.9 (9.7) | 0.0012 | |
| Male, n (%) | 356 (65.2%) | 95 (70.9%) | 99 (59.6%) | 94 (64.8%) | 68 (67.3%) | 0.22 | |
| Marital status | 0.0024 | ||||||
| Married/de facto | 383 (70.1%) | 77 (57.5%) | 120 (72.3%) | 108 (74.5%) | 78 (77.2%) | ||
| Private health insurance | < 0.0001 | ||||||
| Yes | 316 (57.9%) | 53 (39.6%) | 96 (57.8%) | 90 (62.1%) | 77 (76.2%) | ||
| Residence | < 0.0001 | ||||||
| Major cities | 249 (45.6%) | 36 (26.9%) | 53 (31.9%) | 83 (57.2%) | 77 (76.2%) | ||
| Non-major cities | 297 (54.4%) | 98 (73.1%) | 113 (68.1%) | 62 (42.8%) | 24 (23.8%) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.015 | ||||||
| 0 | 448 (80.1%) | 104 (77.6%) | 130 (78.3%) | 121 (83.5%) | 93 (92.1%) | ||
| ≥ 1 | 98 (17.9%) | 30 (22.4%) | 36 (21.7%) | 24 (16.6%) | 8 (7.9%) | ||
| Lifestyle factors | |||||||
| Tobacco smoking | 0.41 | ||||||
| Ever smoker | 136 (24.9%) | 32 (32.9%) | 48 (28.9%) | 36 (24.8%) | 20 (19.8%) | ||
| Never smoker† | 410 (75.1%) | 102 (76.1%) | 118 (71.1%) | 109 (75.2%) | 81 (80.2%) | ||
| Alcoholic drinks (per week) | 0.46 | ||||||
| 0 | 164 (30.0%) | 44 (32.8%) | 53 (31.9%) | 44 (30.3%) | 23 (22.8%) | ||
| 1–14 | 273 (50.0%) | 57 (42.5%) | 86 (51.8%) | 76 (52.4%) | 54 (53.5%) | ||
| > 14 | 105 (18.9%) | 31 (23.1%) | 26 (15.7%) | 23 (15.9%) | 23 (22.8%) | ||
| Missing | 6 (1.1%) | ||||||
| Moderate/vigorous physical activity | 0.032 | ||||||
| Sedentary | 32 (5.9%) | ||||||
| Insufficient | 85 (15.6%) | 22 (16.4%) | 30 (18.1%) | 25 (17.2%) | 8 (7.9%) | ||
| Sufficient | 98 (17.9%) | 22 (16.4%) | 33 (19.9%) | 25 (17.2%) | 18 (17.8%) | ||
| High | 314 (57.5%) | 81 (60.5%) | 78 (47.0%) | 86 (59.3%) | 69 (68.2%) | ||
| Unspecified | 17 (3.1%) | ||||||
| Body mass index | 0.029 | ||||||
| Normal | 181 (33.2%) | 37 (27.6%) | 50 (30.1%) | 47 (32.4%) | 47 (46.5%) | ||
| Overweight | 203 (37.2%) | 51 (38.1%) | 59 (35.5%) | 57 (39.3%) | 36 (35.6%) | ||
| Obese | 131 (24.0%) | 37 (27.6%) | 47 (28.3%) | 34 (23.5%) | 13 (12.9%) | ||
| Missing | 31 (5.7%) | 9 (6.7%) | 10 (6.0%) | 7 (4.8%) | 5 (5.0%) | ||
| Disease-related factors | |||||||
| Cancer stage | 0.069 | ||||||
| Localised | 191 (35.0%) | 53 (39.6%) | 53 (31.9%) | 51 (35.2%) | 34 (33.7%) | ||
| Regional | 227 (41.6%) | 46 (34.3%) | 73 (44.0%) | 62 (42.8%) | 46 (45.5%) | ||
| Distant | 80 (14.7%) | 25 (18.7%) | 27 (16.3) | 22 (15.2%) | 6 (5.9%) | ||
| Unknown | 48 (8.8%) | 10 (7.5%) | 13 (7.8%) | 10 (6.9%) | 15 (14.9%) | ||
| Emergency presentation (prior to diagnosis) | |||||||
| 2-weeks prior | 26 (4.8%) | 0.06 | |||||
| Treatment-related factors | |||||||
| Surgery in 6 months | 431 (78.9%) | 98 (73.1%) | 130 (78.3%) | 122 (84.1%) | 81 (80.2%) | 0.16 | |
| Systemic therapy in 6 months | 255 (46.7%) | 58 (43.3%) | 83 (50.0%) | 70 (48.3%) | 44 (43.6%) | 0.59 | |
| Radiation therapy in 6 months | 158 (28.9%) | 37 (27.6%) | 56 (33.7%) | 40 (27.6%) | 25 (24.8%) | 0.40 | |
| By individual level SES | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Low | Medium | High | p value* | |
| No. of cases ˄ | 538 | 196 (36%) | 128 (24%) | 214 (40%) | |
| Patients’ characteristics | |||||
| Age at diagnosis mean (SD), years | 67.0 (9.2) | 68.7 (8.8) | 67.9 (9.1) | 65.0 (9.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Male, n (%) | 351 (65.2%) | 111 (56.6%) | 96 (75.0%) | 144 (67.3%) | 0.0023 |
| Marital status | 0.12 | ||||
| Married/de facto | 377 (70.1%) | 127 (64.8%) | 92 (71.9%) | 158 (73.8%) | |
| Private health insurance | < 0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 312 (58.0%) | 88 (44.9%) | 72 (56.3%) | 152 (71.0%) | |
| Residence | 0.0062 | ||||
| Major cities | 247 (45.9%) | 73 (37.2%) | 61 (47.7%) | 113 (52.8%) | |
| Non-major cities | 291 (54.1%) | 123 (62.8%) | 67 (52.3%) | 101 (47.2%) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0.34 | ||||
| 0 | 443 (82.3%) | 160 (81.6%) | 101 (78.9%) | 182 (85.0%) | |
| ≥ 1 | 95 (17.0%) | 36 (18.4%) | 27 (21.1%) | 32 (15.0%) | |
| Lifestyle factors | |||||
| Tobacco smoking | 0.94 | ||||
| Ever smoker | 136 (25.3%) | 51 (26.0%) | 31 (24.2%) | 54 (25.2%) | |
| Never smoker† | 402 (74.7%) | 145 (74.0%) | 97 (75.8%) | 160 (75.8%) | |
| Alcoholic drinks (per week) | 0.23 | ||||
| 0 | 162 (30.1%) | 72 (36.7%) | 30 (23.4%) | 60 (28.0%) | |
| 1–14 | 269 (50.0%) | 86 (43.9%) | 69 (52.6%) | 114 (53.3%) | |
| > 14 | 101 (18.8%) | 36 (18.4%) | 27 (21.1%) | 38 (17.8%) | |
| Missing | 6 (1.1%) | ||||
| Moderate/vigorous physical activity | 0.13 | ||||
| Sedentary | 32 (5.9%) | 14 (7.1%) | 11 (8.8%) | 7 (3.3%) | |
| Insufficient | 84 (15.6%) | 39 (19.9%) | 16 (12.5%) | 29 (13.6%) | |
| Sufficient | 98 (18.2%) | 37 (18.9%) | 19 (14.8%) | 42 (19.3%) | |
| High | 309 (57.4%) | 99 (50.5%) | 79 (61.7%) | 131 (61.2%) | |
| Unspecified | 15 (2.8%) | ||||
| Body mass index | 0.0019 | ||||
| Normal | 176 (32.7%) | 50 (25.5%) | 41 (32.0%) | 85 (39.7%) | |
| Overweight | 201 (37.4%) | 66 (33.7%) | 53 (41.4%) | 82 (38.37%) | |
| Obese | 130 (24.2%) | 63 (32.1%) | 28 (22.9%) | 39 (18.2%) | |
| Missing | 31 (5.8%) | 17 (8.7%) | 6 (4.7%) | 8 (3.7%) | |
| Disease-related factors | |||||
| Cancer stage | 0.11 | ||||
| Localised | 188 (34.6%) | 65 (33.2%) | 41 (32.0%) | 82 (38.3%) | |
| Regional | 224 (41.6%) | 80 (40.8%) | 55 (43.0%) | 89 (41.6%) | |
| Distant | 79 (14.7%) | 39 (19.9%) | 18 (14.1%) | 22 (10.3%) | |
| Unknown | 47 (8.7%) | 12 (6.1%) | 14 (10.9%) | 21 (9.8%) | |
| Emergency presentation (prior to diagnosis) | |||||
| 2-weeks prior | 26 (4.8%) | 10 (4.7%) | 0.46 | ||
| Treatment-related factors | |||||
| Surgery in 6 months | 425 (79.0%) | 144 (73.5%) | 97 (75.8%) | 184 (86.0%) | 0.0048 |
| Systemic therapy in 6 months | 252 (46.8%) | 83 (42.4%) | 59 (46.1%) | 110 (51.4%) | 0.18 |
| Radiation therapy in 6 months | 156 (29.0%) | 48 (24.5%) | 40 (31.3%) | 68 (31.8%) | 0.22 |
*p value for F test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables
˄Eight cases with missing values for individual-level SES
†Never smoker includes those former smokers who quit > 15 years ago