Table 2.
Summary of the effects of lipid supplements on milk OBCFAs in dairy cows.
| References | Concentrationsor Amounts of Lipid Supplement | Animal Breeds | Observed Effects on Milk OBCFAs |
|---|---|---|---|
| [47] | GFS (Ground flaxseed) 10% of TMR (total mixed ration) | Jersey cows | 11:0↓, 13:0↓, 15:0↓, 17:0↓, iso 14:0↓, iso 15:0↓, anteiso15:0↓, iso 16:0↓, iso 17:0↑, anteiso 17:0↓ (ΣOBCFAs↓). |
| [78] | 2.9% sodium AC (acetate) and 2.5% calcium BU (butyrate) in a diet. | Holstein cows | Acetate: ΣOBCFAs↓. Butyrate: ΣOBCFAs (↔). |
| [79] | 22 g oil/kg diet DM (Dry matter) of EL (Extruded linseed), CPLO (calcium salts of palm and linseed) or MR (milled rapeseed) | Holstein Friesian cows |
EL: 13:0↓, iso13:0↔, anteiso13:0↓, iso14:0↓, 15:0↓, anteiso15:0↓, iso16:0↓, 17:0↓, iso17:0↑, iso18:0↑. CPLO: 13:0↓, iso13:0↔, anteiso13:0↓, iso14:0↓, 15:0↓, anteiso15:0↓, iso16:0↓, 17:0↓, iso17:0↓, iso18:0↑. MR: 13:0↓, iso13:0↔, anteiso13:0↓, iso14:0↔, 15:0↓, anteiso15:0↓, iso16:0↓, 17:0↓, iso17:0↓, iso18:0↑. |
| [16] | 30 g/kg of Prilled palm fat (PPF)/+ Sunflower oil (SO) | Holstein cows |
SO: anteiso13:0↓, anteiso15:0↓, 15:0↓, 17:0↓, cis-9 15:1↓, and cis917:1↓; PPF+SO: iso14:0↑ and iso16:0↑ |
| [80] | 30 g/day of LO: linseed oil (S/LO: high starch plus linseed oil and F/LO: high non-forage plus linseed oil treatments). | Malagueña goats |
S/LO: Total odd↑, Total iso↓, Total anteiso↑. F/LO: Total odd↓, Total iso↓, Total anteiso↓. |
| [69] | 2% of Soybean oil (SBO) | Holstein cows | iso 13:0↑, 11:0↓, anteiso 13:0↔, 13:0↓, iso 14:0↓, iso 15:0↓, anteiso 15:0↓, 15:0↓, iso 16:0↑, iso 17:0↑, anteiso 17:0↓, 17:0↓, cis-7 17:0↓, cis-8 17:1↓, cis-9 17:1↓, iso 18:0↓, 19:0↓. |
| [69] | 2% SBO (Soybean oil) +1.5% Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) | Holstein cows | iso 13:0↑, 11:0↓, anteiso 13:0↓, 13:0↓, iso 14:0↓, iso 15:0↓, anteiso 15:0↓, 15:0↓, iso 16:0↓, iso 17:0↓, anteiso 17:0↑, 17:0↓, cis-7 17:0↓, cis-8 17:1↓, cis-9 17:1↓, iso 18:0↓, 19:0↑. |
| [50] | 450 g/d of CTL (lipid free emulsion medium injected into the rumen), RSO (lipid free emulsion medium injected into the rumen), RSF (saturated fatty acids injected into the rumen), ASF (saturated fatty acids injected into the abomasum) | Holstein cows |
RSO: OCFAs↓, ECisoFAs↔ RSF: 17:0+cis-9 17:1↑ RSF and ASF: OBCFAs ↔ |
| [48] | 0, 5, 10 and 15% of GFS (Ground flaxseed) | Jersey cows | GFS: OBCFAs↓ linearly |
| [54] | An Infusion of 18.8 mol of AC (acetate), PR (propionate), IV (isovalerate) and AIV (anteisovalerate) | Holstein cows |
PR: C15:0↑ and C17:0↑; IV: iso C15:0↑; AIV: C15:0↑ |
| [68] | 29g/kg of Plant oils | Ayrshire cows | OBCFAs↓ |
AC: acetate (eg: Acetate: ΣOBCFAs↓ = Acetate decrease the sum of OBCFAs); AIV: anteisovalerate; ASF: saturated fatty acids injected into the abomasum; BU: butyrate; CTL: lipid free emulsion medium injected into the rumen; Decrease: (↓); DM: dry matter; ECFAs: even chain fatty acids; EL: Extruded linseed ; F/LO: high non-forage plus linseed oil; GFS: Ground flaxseed; Increase: (↑); IV: isovalerate; limited effect or no effect: (↔); LO: linseed oil; PPF: Prilled palm fat; PR: propionate; RSF: saturated fatty acids injected into the rumen; RSO: soybean oil injected into the rumen; S/LO: high starch plus linseed oil; SBO: Soybean oil) ; SO: Sunflower oil; TMR: Total mixed ration; Vegetable oils: sunflower seed oil, rapeseed oil, camelina seed oil or camelina expeller.