Table 3.
Results from the analysis of variance of plasma metabolites and enzymatic activities in piglets at the end of the experimental period.
| Item | Diet 1 | SE | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | T1 | T2 | |||
| Energy and lipid metabolism | |||||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 8.14 | 8.75 | 7.01 | 0.537 | 0.078 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.88 | 2.89 | 2.65 | 0.114 | 0.234 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 0.755 | 0.604 | 0.701 | 0.170 | 0.809 |
| NEFA 2, mmol/L | 0.177 | 0.176 | 0.234 | 0.036 | 0.428 |
| BHB 3, mmol/L | 0.073 | 0.012 | 0.036 | 0.032 | 0.403 |
| Nitrogen and protein metabolism | |||||
| Urea, mmol/L | 3.92 ab | 5.09 a | 3.61 b | 0.396 | 0.021 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 127 | 150 | 123 | 13.2 | 0.280 |
| Total protein, g/L | 65.9 | 68.0 | 64.9 | 1.39 | 0.270 |
| Albumin, g/L | 37.7 | 40.2 | 40.1 | 1.24 | 0.282 |
| Globulins, g/L | 28.2 | 27.8 | 24.8 | 1.71 | 0.319 |
| Albumin: Globulins | 1.42 | 1.48 | 1.69 | 0.116 | 0.238 |
| Minerals | |||||
| Ca, mmol/L | 3.10 | 3.09 | 2.99 | 0.058 | 0.341 |
| P, mmol/L | 3.59 | 3.81 | 3.46 | 0.139 | 0.191 |
| Mg, mmol/L | 1.06 | 1.13 | 1.09 | 0.092 | 0.850 |
| Na, mmol/L | 151 | 151 | 150 | 1.33 | 0.772 |
| K, mmol/L | 7.46 | 8.53 | 7.72 | 0.500 | 0.278 |
| Cl, mmol/L | 106 | 105 | 106 | 0.984 | 0.760 |
| Fe, µmol/L | 34.2 | 35.8 | 30.9 | 2.60 | 0.388 |
| Enzyme activities and bilirubin | |||||
| Amylase, U/L | 1784 | 2370 | 2321 | 229 | 0.146 |
| ALT 4, U/L | 75.9 | 80.6 | 80.0 | 5.02 | 0.766 |
| AST 5, U/L | 78.1 b | 162 a | 96.6 ab | 20.2 | 0.013 |
| GGT 6, U/L | 27.3 | 31.4 | 29.0 | 3.59 | 0.714 |
| ALP 7, U/L | 276 | 270 | 256 | 13.1 | 0.564 |
| TRAP 8, U/L | 15.8 | 28.1 | 19.2 | 5.74 | 0.289 |
| LDH 9, U/L | 1498 ab | 1822 a | 1390 b | 107 | 0.017 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 0.410 | 0.309 | 0.342 | 0.113 | 0.808 |
1 Diet: C = control, T1 = C + 2.5 g GreenFIS®/kg, and T2 = C + 5 g GreenFIS®/kg. 2 NEFA: nonesterified fatty acids. 3 BHB: D-3-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB). 4 ALT: alanine aminotransferase. 5 AST: aspartate aminotransferase. 6 GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase. 7 ALP: alanine aminotransferase. 8 TRAP: tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase. 9 LDH: l-lactate dehydrogenase. a,b within rows, means without a common superscript differ (p < 0.05).