Figure 1.

Effects of dietary probiotics on jejunal (a–c) and ileal (d–f) antioxidant capacities of geese at the age of 70 days. Note: a and d for total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), b and e for total activity of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), c and f for the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). Group A (as control) was fed a basal diet, the treatment groups (B, C and D) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum (viable count 3.0 × 10⁶ CFU/g), 250 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis (viable count 2.0 × 10⁷ CFU/g), or the combination of 250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum plus 250 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis, respectively. n = 6. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM.