TABLE 2.

Associations Between pre- and Perinatal Characteristics of the Participants and Mean (95% CI) BMI z Score at Birth and at the End of Follow-up (Mean 5.9 Years)

	At Birth			At the End of Follow-up
	Mean	95% CI		Mean	95%CI
Maternal age at birth (years)
15–29	0.16	0.13	0.19	0.39	0.36	0.42
30–49	0.19	0.17	0.22	0.37	0.35	0.40
Primiparous
No	0.37	0.34	0.40	0.41	0.38	0.44
Yes	–0.02	–0.04	0.01	0.36	0.33	0.39
Mode of delivery
Vaginal	0.20	0.18	0.22	0.38	0.36	0.40
Cesarean section	0.05	–0.01	0.10	0.42	0.37	0.48
Single parenthood at birth
No	0.18	0.17	0.20	0.37	0.35	0.40
Yes	0.05	–0.03	0.13	0.52	0.44	0.60
Immigrant
No	0.19	0.17	0.21	0.39	0.36	0.41
Yes	0.01	–0.05	0.08	0.36	0.29	0.43
Smoking during pregnancy
No	0.19	0.17	0.21	0.35	0.33	0.37
Yes	0.05	–0.01	0.10	0.66	0.60	0.72
Obesity before pregnancya
No	0.15	0.13	0.17	0.31	0.29	0.33
Yes	0.37	0.32	0.43	0.97	0.92	1.03
Gestational diabetes mellitus
No	0.16	0.14	0.18	0.35	0.33	0.37
Yes	0.28	0.24	0.33	0.57	0.52	0.62
Other medical conditions
No	0.18	0.16	0.20	0.38	0.36	0.40
Yes	–0.05	–0.16	0.07	0.38	0.26	0.49
Parental socioeconomic status
Higher-grade nonmanual	0.15	0.11	0.20	0.26	0.22	0.31
Lower-grade nonmanual	0.21	0.17	0.25	0.37	0.32	0.41
Manual	0.22	0.18	0.25	0.51	0.47	0.55
Student	0.15	0.09	0.21	0.30	0.24	0.36
Full-time mother	0.26	0.17	0.35	0.50	0.40	0.60
Other	0.08	0.03	0.13	0.35	0.30	0.40
Sex of the child
Boy	0.12	0.10	0.15	0.38	0.35	0.41
Girl	0.23	0.20	0.26	0.39	0.36	0.41
Preterm birth
No	0.25	0.23	0.27	0.39	0.37	0.41
Yes	0.16	0.13	0.19	0.33	0.24	0.43

^aBMI > 30.

^bOther medical conditions the mother manifested with during pregnancy are mental and behavioral disorders, diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, or genitourinary systems.