. 2021 Aug 31;209(12):859–871. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001396

TABLE 3.

Statistics for the R-PAS Variables of This Study and of the International Reference Sample

R-PAS Variables^a	Traumatized Refugee Patients (N = 22)												Reference Sample^b
									Z-scores^c				Reference Sample^b
	Pretreatment				Posttreatment				Pretreatment		Posttreatment		(N = 640)
	Mean	SD	Skew	Kurtosis	Mean	SD	Skew	Kurtosis	M_z	SD_z	M_z	SD_z	Mean	SD
Engagement and cognitive processing
R	18.6	7.20	0.79	−0.04	17.95	4.87	0.31	−0.30	−1.2	1.5	−1.3	1.0	24.2	4.7
Complexity/R	3.48	0.93	0.71	0.12	3.10	0.80	0.84	0.05	0.5	1.2	−0.0	1.0	3.10^d	0.79^d
CF + C/R	0.14	0.10	0.61	−0.34	0.13	0.10	0.82	0.24	0.7	1.3	0.5	1.3	0.09^d	0.08^d
Perception and thinking problems
EII-3	1.50	1.75	0.26	−0.64	0.63	1.99	1.98	4.43	2.1	2.3	1.0	2.6	−0.14^d	0.78^d
SevCog/R	0.17	0.26	2.41	6.88	0.08	0.17	3.06	9.93	4.9	8.3	1.9	5.4	0.02^d	0.03^d
FQ−%	19.7	17.0	1.65	2.95	12.1	10.6	1.38	2.16	1.5	2.5	0.4	1.6	9.62	6.68
Self and other representation
MAP/R	0.20	0.25	2.01	4.34	0.15	0.19	1.23	0.16	2.8	4.2	1.9	3.2	0.04^d	0.06^d
PHR/R	0.27	0.20	1.37	3.14	0.19	0.18	1.14	0.63	2.0	2.6	1.0	2.2	0.11^d	0.08^d
Stress and distress
CritCont%	60.3	42.03	0.81	0.95	38.36	31.25	1.07	0.93	3.0	3.1	1.3	2.3	20.41	13.51

^aVariables of the R-PAS (Meyer et al., 2011), all controlled for R, either inherently or explicitly.

^bModeled Reference Sample (Meyer et al., 2011).

^cZ-scores were computed by subtracting the Reference sample means (controlled for R) from our means (controlled for R), and dividing by the standard deviations of the reference sample means (controlled for R). Figures are reported with maximum three digits, for a meaningful level of accuracy.

^dReference sample means and standard deviations controlled for R provided for us by Greg Meyer, February 19, 2021.