Table 4.
Statistical analysis on the percentages of antibiotic resistance of 105 Gram-negative isolates.
| Antibiotic Category | Antibiotic | AcB | CiF | EnA | EnC | EsC | KlO | KlP | PrM | PsA | SeM | p-Value (Test) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||
| (#) | (#) | (#) | (#) | (#) | (#) | (#) | (#) | (#) | (#) | |||
| Amoxicillin clavulanic acid | / | 100 (2/2) |
100 (1/1) |
100 (3/3) |
36.8 (7/19) |
100 (2/2) |
80.4 (37/46) |
100 (1/1) |
/ | 100 (2/2) |
p = 0.0135 * (C) | |
| EsC ***, p = 0.0013 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Penicillin | Ampicillin | 100 (5/5) |
/ | / | / | 100 (6/6) |
/ | 92.9 (13/14) |
/ | 100 (1/1) |
/ | p = 0.83 (C) |
| Piperacillin tazobactam | 100 (1/1) |
50 (1/2) |
66.7 (2/3) |
0.0 (0/3) |
20 (4/20) |
100 (2/2) |
80.4 (37/46) |
0.0 (0/1) |
60 (3/5) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p = 0.0002 * (C) | |
| EnC ***, p = 0.0091 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EsC ***, p = 0.001 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| PrM ***, p = 0.0279 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| SeM ***, p = 0.0173 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Cephalosporin second generation | Cefoxitin | 100 (7/7) |
100 (2/2) |
/ | 100 (1/1) |
18.2 (2/11) |
100 (1/1) |
53.3 (16/30) |
/ | 100 (1/1) |
0.0 (0/1) |
p = 0.0166 * (C) |
| EsC ***, p = 0.0125 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| SeM ***, p = 0.0353 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Cephalosporin third generation | Ceftazidime | / | 50 (1/2) |
66.7 (2/3) |
33.3 (1/3) |
35 (7/20) |
50 (1/2) |
83.3 (40/48) |
100 (1/1) |
50 (2/4) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p = 0.0064 * (C) |
| EsC ***, p = 0.0084 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| SeM ***, p = 0.0087 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Cefotaxime | 100 (9/9) |
50 (1/2) |
66.7 (2/3) |
66.7 (2/3) |
55 (11/20) |
100 (2/2) |
83.3 (40/48) |
100 (1/1) |
100 (2/2) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p = 0.0343 * (C) | |
| EsC ***, p = 0.0287 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| SeM ***, p = 0.0009 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Cephalosporin fourth generation | Cefepime | / | 50 (1/2) |
66.7 (2/3) |
0.0 (0/3) |
10 (2/20) |
50 (1/2) |
76.6 (36/47) |
0.0 (0/1) |
40 (2/5) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p < 0.0001* (C) |
| KlP **, p = 0.0292 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EnC ***, p = 0.0198 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EsC ***, p = 0.0005 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| PrM ***, p = 0.0429 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| SeM ***, p = 0.0318 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Fluoroquinolone class | Ciprofloxacin | 89.5 (17/19) |
0.0 (0/2) |
33.3 (1/3) |
0.0 (0/3) |
60 (12/20) |
100 (1/1) |
83.3 (40/48) |
0.0 (0/1) |
50 (2/4) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p = 0.0003* (C) |
| CiF ***, p = 0.0031 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EnA ***, p = 0.0417 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EnC ***, p = 0.001 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| PrM ***, p = 0.0081 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| SeM ***, p = 0.0031 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Aminoglycoside | Fosfomycin | 100 (8/8) |
0.0 (0/1) |
66.7 (2/3) |
0.0 (0/3) |
10 (2/20) |
50 (1/2) |
46.8 (22/47) |
100 (1/1) |
100 (2/2) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p = 0.0006* (C) |
| AcB **, p = 0.0054 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EnC ***, p = 0.041 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EsC ***, p = 0.0051 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Amikacin | 83.3 (10/12) |
0.0 (0/2) |
33.3 (1/3) |
0.0 (0/3) |
0.0 (0/20) |
50 (1/2) |
60.4 (29/48) |
0.0 (0/1) |
50 (2/4) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p < 0.0001 * (C) | |
| AcB **, p = 0.023 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EnC ***, p = 0.0363 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EsC ***, p = 0.0002 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Gentamicin | 88.9 (16/18) |
50 (1/2) |
0.0 (0/2) |
0.0 (0/3) |
20 (4/20) |
50 (1/2) |
70.8 (34/48) |
0.0 (0/1) |
50 (2/4) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p = 0.0001* (C) | |
| AcB **, p = 0.023 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EnA ***, p = 0.0206 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EnC ***, p = 0.0113 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EsC ***, p = 0.0014 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| PrM ***, p = 0.0318 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| SeM ***, p = 0.0206 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Carbapenems | Imipenem | 80 (8/10) |
0.0 (0/1) |
50 (1/2) |
0.0 (0/1) |
0.0 (0/12) |
/ | 68.4 (13/19) |
/ | 100 (1/1) |
0.0 (0/1) |
p = 0.0024 * (C) |
| EsC ***, p = 0.0015 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Meropenem | 83.3 (15/18) |
50 (1/2) |
66.7 (2/3) |
0.0 (0/3) |
0.0 (0/20) |
50 (1/2) |
70.8 (34/48) |
0.0 (0/1) |
25 (1/4) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p < 0.0001* (C) | |
| AcB **, p = 0.0299 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EnC ***, p = 0.0182 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EsC ***, p < 0.0001 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| PrM ***, p = 0.0413 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| SeM ***, p = 0.0299 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Ertapenem | 100 (7/7) |
0.0 (0/1) |
50 (1/2) |
0.0 (0/3) |
5 (1/20) |
100 (2/2) |
66.7 (22/33) |
100 (1/1) |
100 (1/1) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p < 0.0001* (C) | |
| AcB **, p = 0.0261 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EnC ***, p = 0.0268 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| EsC ***, p = 0.0005 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| SeM ***, p = 0.040 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Folate pathway inhibitors | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 88.2 (15/17) |
50 (1/2) |
50 (1/2) |
0.0 (0/2) |
35 (7/20) |
0.0 (0/2) |
23.4 (11/47) |
0.0 (0/1) |
100 (2/2) |
0.0 (0/2) |
p = 0.0004* (C) |
| AcB **, p = 0.0003 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Glycylcycline class | Tigecycline | 0.0 (0/2) |
0.0 (0/2) |
/ | 0.0 (0/1) |
5.6 (1/18) |
0.0 (0/2) |
12.8 (5/39) |
100 (1/1) |
100 (2/2) |
/ | p = 0.0032* (C) |
| PsA **, p = 0.0119 (Z) | ||||||||||||
| Polymyxin class | Colistin | 6.7 (1/15) |
0.0 (0/2) |
0.0 (0/1) |
0.0 (0/2) |
5.6 (1/18) |
0.0 (0/2) |
15.9 (7/44) |
100 (1/1) |
20 (1/5) |
100 (2/2) |
p = 0.0109* (C) SeM **, p = 0.0145 (Z) |
AcB = A. baumannii; CiF = C. freundii; EnA = E. aerogenes; EnC = E. cloacae; EsC = E. coli; KlO = K. oxytoca; KlP = k. pneumoniae; PrM = P. mirabilis; PsA = P. aeruginosa; SeM = S. marcescens; * = significant test; ** = most frequent resistant bacteria; *** less frequent resistant bacteria; C = multicomparison chi-squared test; Z = post-hoc Z-test.