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. 2021 Nov 12;10(11):1169. doi: 10.3390/biology10111169

Table 1.

List of intentionally introduced alien plant species (IIAPS) used in the species distribution model.

IAPAS Group a ID No. Scientific Name Common Name Native Range Mode of Introduction Introduction
Period
Degree of
Naturalization
Group 1 I223 Medicago sativa Alfalfa Mediterranean Intentional (Pasture) Before 1949 III
Group 2 I072 Amorpha fruticosa Bastard indigo bush North America Intentional (Erosion control) Before 1949 V
I138 Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass North Africa Intentional (Pasture) Before 1949 V
I165 Festuca arundinacea Tall fescue North Africa Intentional (Pasture) Before 1970 V
I176 Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem artichoke North America Intentional (medicinal) Before 1911 V
I258 Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Temperate zone Intentional (Erosion control) Before 1949 IV
Group 3 I129 Coreopsis lanceolata Lance leaf coreopsis North America Intentional (Erosion control) Before 1963 V
I150 Eragrostis curvula African love grass North Africa Intentional (Erosion control) Before 1990 IV
I157 Ageratina altissima White snakeroot North America Intentional (Gardening) Before 1990 IV
I210 Lolium perenne Ryegrass North Africa Intentional (Pasture) Before 1970 IV

a Division into group 1, group 2, or group 3 was based on the principal component analysis of the spatial distribution of intentionally introduced alien plant species (IIAPS) shown in Figure 3. The Roman numerals I to IV in the last column indicate the degree of naturalization of the IIAPS. I, rarely; II, low density and distributed in a small area; III, low density but distributed widely; IV, high density and distributed locally; V, high density and distributed widely.