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. 2021 Nov 15;10(11):1815. doi: 10.3390/antiox10111815

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Biosynthesis and signaling of strigolactones (SLs) in rice. SLs are synthesized from all-trans-β-carotene by consecutive actions of β-carotene isomerase (D27), carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD)7 (D17), CCD8 (D10) and cytochrome P450 (Cyt P450) proteins. SLs bind to receptor D14 followed by interaction with D3, leading to the formation of a Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF)^D3 type of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. D53 is ubiquitinated by this SCF-protein complex, which triggers proteasomal degradation of D53, resulting in SL signaling events for activation of various physiological functions in rice. E, ubiquitin ligase; U, ubiquitin.