Table 2.
Effect of TH, CA, and RA in ovo exposure on oxidative stress markers in brains of 19-day-old chicken embryos.
| Parameters | Experimental Groups | p-Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | TH | CA | RA | TH/CA | TH/RA | TH/CA + RA | ||
| MDA (nmol/mg protein) |
16.29 ± 0.07 bcd | 21.81 ± 1.83 a | 14.18 ± 0.66 cd | 13.00 ± 0.57 d | 18.20 ± 0.14 b | 17.84 ± 0.20 b | 17.35 ± 0.62 bc | <0.001 |
| PC (nmol/mg protein) |
6.05 ± 0.03 c | 12.44 ± 0.12 a | 5.14 ± 0.06 d | 5.00 ± 0.00 d | 8.23 ± 0.16 b | 7.73 ± 0.25 b | 6.71 ± 0.29 c | <0.001 |
| TAC (mM/g protein) |
3.53 ± 0.01 ab | 1.46 ± 0.02 e | 3.61 ± 0.01 ab | 3.81 ± 0.08 a | 2.11 ± 0.00 d | 2.67 ± 0.14 c | 3.34 ± 0.12 b | <0.001 |
| ROS (U/mg protein) |
12.56 ± 0.03 cde | 23.36 ± 2.88 a | 9.28 ± 0.53 de | 7.74 ± 0.23 e | 19.20 ± 0.47 ab | 17.38 ± 0.62 bc | 13.99 ± 0.38 cd | <0.001 |
Values that are not sharing a common superscript letter (a,b,c,d,e) differ significantly at p < 0.05. Malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and reactive oxygen species (ROS).