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. 2021 Nov 1;8(11):169. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering8110169

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Cellular responses to various GelMA/BP composite hydrogels. (A) Metabolic activity of the 3D-encapsulated preosteoblasts from day 1 to day 14 with enhanced effects shown at high BP concentrations. Fluorescence values of alamar blue assay at 560/590 nm and normalized to day zero (Ex/Em); error bars: ± SD, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001). (B) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of 3D-encapsulated preosteoblasts from day 1 to day 14 reflected behavior shown in osteogenic differentiation. ALP activity values represented as absorbance values at 450 nm and normalized to day zero values (Error bars: ± SD, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001).