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. 2021 Nov 9;10(11):1154. doi: 10.3390/biology10111154

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effects of supplementation of EVs from different cellular sources on the viability, capacitation and acrosomal reaction of spermatozoa. (A) Percentages of live spermatozoa 0 and 4 h after supplementation with EVs from small, medium and large follicles, JAr EVs, pFF EVs and control. (B) Percentages of spermatozoa at different stages of capacitation reaction 0 and 4 h after supplementation with EVs from different sources. (C) Percentages of spermatozoa at different stages of the acrosomal reaction after supplementation with EV from different sources at 0 and 4 h. Error bars display the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Different symbols represent measurements of samples from different bulls. Asterisks mark statistically significant differences between the supplementation groups and relate to p-values as follows: * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001. Double lines annotate p-values of the same category. In that case, asterisks above the top line also apply to the bottom line. The ends of the lines mark the groups that were contrasted.