Table 1.
Bioactive compounds from deep-sea bacteria.
| Marine Organism | Compound | Activity/Experimental Model | Depth/Site | Concentrations | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salinispora tropica | Salinosporamide A | Proteasome inhibitor against NCI-H226-non-small cell lung cancer, SF-539 CNS cancer, SK-MEL-28 skin melanoma, and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer. | 1100 m Tropical and subtropical marine sediments |
LC50 < 10 nM | [23] |
|
Streptomyces sp. NTK 935 |
Benzoxacystol 245 | Inhibit recombinant Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) |
3814 m Canary basin |
IC50 = 1.35 ± 0.15 μM | [25] |
| Streptomyces sp. M-207 | Lobophorin K | Antiproliferative activity against: MiaPaca-2 and MCF7 | 1800 m Lophelia pertusa |
IC50 = 34.0 ± 85.1 and 23.0 ± 8.9 μM, respectively | [26] |
| Bacillus subtilis B5 | 7, 13-epoxyl-macrolatin A | Inhibitor of LPS-induced inflammatory mediator expression in RAW 264.7 cells | 3000 m Pacific Ocean |
From 50 to 40 μM | [27] |
| Marianactinospora thermotolerans SCSIO00652 | Marinacarbolines A–D 13-N-demethyl-methylpendolmycin Methylpendolmycin-14-O-α-glucoside |
Antimalarial activity against: Plasmodium falciparum | 3865 m South China Sea |
IC50 = (A) 1.92 μM (C) 3.09 μM, (D) 5.39 μM |
[28] |
|
Marinactinospora thermotolerans SCSIO 00652 |
Marthiapeptide A | Antimicrobial against: M. luteus, S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis | 3865 m South China Sea |
MIC = 2, 8.4 and 2 μg/mL | [29] |
|
Marinactinospora thermotolerans SCSIO 00652 |
Marthiapeptide A | Cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines | 3865 m South China Sea |
IC50 = ranging from 0.38 to 0.52 μM | [29] |
| Streptomyces scopuliridis SCSIOZJ 46 | Desotamide B, C, D | Antimicrobial against: S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, MRSE shhs-E1 | 3536 m South China Sea |
MIC = 16, 12.5, and 32 μg/mL, respectively | [30] |
| Streptomyces drozdowiczii SCSIO10141 | Marfomycins A, B, E | Antimicrobial against: M. luteus | 1396 m South China Sea |
MIC = 0.25, 4, and 4 μg/mL, respectively | [31] |
|
Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 01127 |
Lobophorin F | Antimicrobial against: S. aureus, E. faecalis | 1350 m South China Sea |
MIC = 8 μg/mL for both | [32] |
| Streptomyces sp. 12A35 | Lobophorin H | Antimicrobial against: B. subtilis | 2134 m South China Sea |
MIC = 3.13 μg/mL | [33] |
| Verrucosispora sp. AB 18-032 | Abyssomicin C | Antimicrobial against: MRSA, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium, S. aureus | 289 m Japanese Sea |
MIC = 4 μg/mL and 13 μg/mL | [34] |
| Streptomyces niveus SCSIO3406 | Marfuraquinocins A, C, D | Antimicrobial against: S. aureus, MRSE shhs-E1 | 3536 m South China Sea |
MIC = 8 μg/mL | [35] |
| Micromonospora matsumotoense M-412 | Paulomycin G | Antimicrobial against: E. coli strains MB5746 and MRSA | 2000 m Cantabrian Sea sediments |
MIC90 = 4.5 and 50 μg/mL, respectively | [36] |
| Micromonospora matsumotoense M-412 | Paulomycin G | Antiproliferative against HepG2, MCF7, MiaPaca-2. | 2000 m Cantabrian Sea sediments |
IC50 = 4.30 ± 0.42 μM, 1.58 ± 0.12 μM, 2.70 ± 0.25 μM, respectively | [36] |
| Bacillus subtilis | Lipoamicoumacins A–D, bacilosarcin analogue and six amicoumacins | Cytotoxicity against HeLa cells and antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus and Laribacter hongkongensis | 1000 m Red Sea |
- | [37] |
| Dermacoccus abyssi sp. | Dermacozines F and G | Cytotoxic activity against the leukaemia cell line K562 | 10,898 m Mariana Trench sediment |
IC50 values of 9 and 7 μM | [38] |
|
Pseudonocardia sp. SCSIO 01299 |
Pseudonocardians A–C | Cytotoxic activity against SF-268, MCF-7 and NCI-H460 | 3258 m South China Sea |
IC50 from 0.01 to 0.21 μM | [39] |
|
Pseudonocardia sp. SCSIO 01299 |
Pseudonocardians A–C | Antibacterial activities against S. aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29,212 and Bacillus thuringensis SCSIO BT01 | 3258 m South China Sea |
MIC values of 1–4 μg mL−1 | [39] |
| Streptomyces lusitanus | Grincamycin A–E | Cytotoxic activity against HepG2, SW-1990, HeLa, NCI-H460, MCF-7 and B16 | 3370 m South China Sea |
IC50 from 1.1 to 31 μM | [40] |
| Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 03032 | Spiroindimicins B, C and D | Cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines | 3412 m Indian Ocean |
IC50 from 4 to 12 μg mL−1 for Spiroindimicin B, IC50 from 6 to 15 μg mL−1 for Spiroindimicin C, - | [41] |
| Streptomyces sp. NTK 937 | Caboxamycin | Inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, B. subtilis, S. lentus, S. epidermidis, the yeast Candida glabrata, the phytopathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas campestris and Ralstonia solanacearum, and against the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis | 3814 m Atlantic Ocean |
IC50 = 8 μM, 20 μM, 43 μM, 117 μM, 43 μM, 176 μM and 43 μM, respectively | [42] |
| Streptomyces sp. NTK 937 | Caboxamycin | Cytotoxic activity towards gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), HepG2 and MCF-7. | 3814 m Atlantic Ocean |
IC50 = 28.6–29.4 μM | [42] |
| Streptomyces sp. NTK 937 | Caboxamycin | Weak inhibitor of bovine brain phosphodiesterase | 3814 m Atlantic Ocean |
IC50 = 148 μM | [42] |
| Nocardiopsis alba | Diketopiperazines | Cytotoxicity against MCF7 and SF-268 human cancer cell lines | 1000 m Indian Ocean |
IC50 = 4.6 and 12.7 μM, respectively | [43] |
| Bacillus pumilus MB 40 | Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEHP) | Antiproliferative effect against human erythroleukemic K562 through apoptosis. | 1000 m Red Sea |
IC50 = 21 μM | [44] |
Abbreviations are: LC50 for lethal concentration; MIC for minimum inhibitory concentration; IC50 for the concentration (μg/mL) inducing 50% loss of cell viability; NCI-H226 for non-small cell lung cancer; SF-539 for human glioblastoma cell line; SK-MEL-28 for skin melanoma cell line; MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cell line; HepG2 for Hepatocellular carcinoma; MiaPaca-2 for human pancreatic carcinoma; MCF-7 for breast cancer; “-” means that there is a lack of corresponding information.