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. 2021 Nov 11;10(11):1798. doi: 10.3390/antiox10111798

Figure 3.

Figure 3

CaD inhibits PMA-induced inflammation during PMA-induced monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. THP-1 monocytes were pretreated with CaD (10 µmol/L) for 1 h followed by stimulation with PMA (30 nmol/L) for various time points (A–D), or THP-1 monocytes were treated with various CaD concentrations (0–10 µmol/L), followed by PMA treatment for 48 h (E,F). TNFα, IL-1β, MCP-1, and MMP9 transcript levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR, and MMP9 protein levels and activity were measured by Western blotting and gelatin zymography, respectively. Δ, fold-change normalized to PMA only (n = 3–4, mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs. no treatment, # p < 0.05 vs. PMA only, Student’s t-test (A–D), or one-way ANOVA (E)). The Western blots represent one from at least three independent experiments.