Figure 7.

CaD suppresses the MAPK signaling to abolish monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammation. THP-1 monocytes were pretreated with an ERK1/2 (U0126) or P38 inhibitor (SB203580) for 1 h, followed by CaD for 1 h, and then treated with PMA (30 nmol/L) for 72 h. The differentiation and inflammation markers expression were measured by Western blotting (A), MMP9 activity was measured by gelatin zymography, and transcript levels (B,C) were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Δ, fold-change, normalized to PMA only (n = 3, mean ± SEM. ⁺ p < 0.05 vs. inhibitor treatment, ^# p < 0.05 vs. PMA only, one-way ANOVA). The Western blots represent one from at least three independent experiments.