Table 4.

Applications of the 3D Bioprinting vascularized tissues.

Organs	Cells	Printing Methods	Applications	References
Cardiovascular system	HUVECs, HASMC, HNDFB	Needle array printing system	Tissue regeneration	[43]
	miPSC-DC, HUVECs	Extrusion-based bioprinting	Tissue regeneration	[67]
	hiPSC-DC, hCF	Scaffold-free bioprinting	Disease modeling	[125]
	hiPSC-CS, hNDF	SWIFT (sacrificial writing into functional tissue) method	In vitro model Drug treatment screening	[126]
	C2C12, hESC-CM, CF	extrusion-based bioprinting	in vitro model	[127]
Liver	HepG2/C3A cells	Extrusion-based bioprinting	Drug toxicity testing	[131]
	hHep, hepatic stellate cells, HUVECs	Extrusion-based bioprinting	Drug toxicity testing.	[132]
	HUVECs, hMSCs, hHep	Needle array printing system	Tissue regeneration	[134]
	hHep, HUVECs, NHDF	Sacrificial bioprinting	Tissue regeneration	[135]
	rHep, HUVEC, NHDF	Stereolithography	Tissue regeneration	[136]
Brain	rPeri, Astro, NSCs, bEnd.3	Sacrificial bioprinting	In vitro model Drug treatment screening	[137]
	hGlio, hAstro, microglia, HUVEC, PHMBP	Sacrificial bioprinting	In vitro 3D tumor model Drug treatment screening	[140]
Skin	nHDF, nHEK, HMVEC	Extrusion-based bioprinting	Tissue regeneration	[142]
	hDF, Endo, Peri, Kera	Extrusion-based bioprinting	Tissue regeneration	[143]
	hDF, hEK,, HUVECs, pre-adi	Extrusion-based bioprinting Sacrificial bioprinting	in vitro model Drug treatment screening	[144]
kidney	PTEC	Sacrificial bioprinting	Disease modeling Drug toxicity testing	[147]
	PTEC, GMEC	Sacrificial bioprinting	Disease modeling Drug treatment screening	[148]
	PTEC, GMEC	Extrusion-based bioprinting with a core fugitive material	Tissue regeneration	[149]

HUVEC = Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HASMC = human aortic smooth muscle cells; HNDFB = human normal dermal fibroblasts; hiPSC-DC = hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes; hCF = human cardiac fibroblasts; hiPSC-CS = hiPSC-derived cardiac spheroids; hNDF = human neonatal dermal fibroblasts; C2C12 (Mouse skeletal muscle cells); hESC-CM = hESC-derived cardiomyocytes; CF = cardiac fibroblasts; hHep = primary human Hepatocytes; NHDF = normal human dermal fibroblasts; rHep = primary rat hepatocytes; rPeri = Primary rat Pericytes; bEnd.3 (brain endothelial cell line); hGlio = Human glioblastoma cells; hAstro = Human astrocytes; PHMBP = primary human microvascular brain pericytes; nHDF = neonatal human dermal fibroblasts; nHEK = neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes; HMVEC = human dermal microvascular endothelial cells; hDF = human dermal fibroblasts; endo = endothelial cells; Peri = Pericytes; Kera = Keratinocytes; hEK = human epidermal keratinocytes; pre-Adi = pre-adipocytes, PTEC = human proximal tubule epithelial cells; GMEC = glomerular microvascular endothelial cells.