Figure 2.

Effect of Pistacia lentiscus L. seed oil (PLSO) on 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid and protein oxidation products in C2C12 cells. C2C12 cells were incubated for 24 h with or without 7β-OHC (50 µM) in the presence or absence of PLSO (100 µg/mL) or α-tocopherol (400 µM). ROS overproduction was measured by flow cytometry after staining with dihydroethidium (DHE) (A). Lipid and protein oxidation products were determined with malondialdehyde (MDA) (B), conjugated dienes (CDs) (C) and carbonylated proteins (CPs) levels (D). Data are presented as the mean ± SD of two independent experiments performed in triplicate. A multiple comparative analysis between the groups, taking into account the interactions, was carried out using an ANOVA test followed by a Tukey’s test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistically significant differences between the groups, which are indicated by different letters, take into account the vehicle used. a: comparison versus control; b: comparison versus ETOH (0.5%); c: comparison versus DMSO (0.125%); d: comparison versus ETOH (0.1%); e: comparison versus (ETOH (0.1%) + DMSO (0.125%)); f: comparison versus α-toco (400 µM); g: comparison versus PLSO (100 µg/mL); h: comparison versus 7β-OHC (50 µM); i: comparison versus 7β-OHC (50 µM) + α-toco (400 µM). No significant differences were observed between the untreated (control) and vehicle-treated cells.