Figure 4.

Effect of Pistacia lentiscus L. seed oil (PLSO) on 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage in C2C12 cells. C2C12 cells were incubated for 24 h with or without 7β-OHC (50 µM) in the presence or absence of PLSO (100 µg/mL) or α-tocopherol (400 µM). Mitochondrial transmembrane potential (∆Ψm) (A), mitochondrial ATP production (B), and mitochondrial production of superoxide anion(O₂^●−) (C) were measured. The data are presented as the mean ± SD of two independent experiments performed in triplicate. A multiple comparative analysis between the groups, taking into account the interactions, was carried out using an ANOVA test followed by a Tukey’s test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistically significant differences between the groups, which are indicated by different letters, take into account the vehicle used. a: comparison versus control; b: comparison versus ETOH (0.5%); c: comparison versus DMSO (0.125%); d: comparison versus ETOH (0.1%); e: comparison versus (ETOH (0.1%) + DMSO (0.125%)); f: comparison versus α-toco (400 µM); g: comparison versus PLSO (100 µg/mL); h: comparison versus 7β-OHC (50 µM); i: comparison versus 7β-OHC (50 µM) + α-toco (400 µM). No significant differences were observed between the untreated (control) and vehicle-treated cells.