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Shikonin induced apoptosis and necrosis in RCC cells. PI/annexin V double staining of (A) ACHN and (B) Caki-1 cells treated with shikonin for 24 h with or without pretreatment with NAC. Data represent means ± standard deviation from at least three independent experiences. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 compared with the control group. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 compared with the NAC pretreated group.
