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. 2021 Nov 18;10(11):1831. doi: 10.3390/antiox10111831

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Shikonin promoted p38 activity but not ERK activity. (A) ACHN and (B) Caki-1 cells were treated with 0, 4, 6, and 8 μM shikonin with or without NAC pretreatment. The cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot using ERK or p38 antibodies. Data represent means ± standard deviation from at least three independent experiences. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared with the control group. ## p < 0.01 and ### p < 0.001 compared with the NAC pretreated group. GAPDH was used as the internal control.