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. 2021 Oct 27;10(11):1713. doi: 10.3390/antiox10111713

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds on erythrocyte lysate levels of (A) GSH, (B) SOD enzyme, (C) catalase enzyme, as well as serum levels of (D) MDA, (E) TNF-α, and (F) IL-6. (n = 6–8). GSH = reduced glutathione; SOD = superoxide dismutase; MDA = malondialdehyde; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6 = interleukin-6. Levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 were determined in serum, whereas concentrations of GSH, SOD and catalase were estimated in the erythrocyte lysate. C1: Rutin; C2: Quercetin 3-O-neohesperdoside; C3: Quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside; C4: Isoquercetin; C5: Quercetin. Data are expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed. Statistical significance in relation to the normal group was assigned at * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; and *** p < 0.001; whereas statistical significance in relation to the T2DM control group (high fat diet + Streptozotocin) was assigned at ^# p < 0.05; ^## p < 0.01; and ^### p < 0.001 using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds on erythrocyte lysate levels of (A) GSH, (B) SOD enzyme, (C) catalase enzyme, as well as serum levels of (D) MDA, (E) TNF-α, and (F) IL-6. (n = 6–8). GSH = reduced glutathione; SOD = superoxide dismutase; MDA = malondialdehyde; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6 = interleukin-6. Levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 were determined in serum, whereas concentrations of GSH, SOD and catalase were estimated in the erythrocyte lysate. C1: Rutin; C2: Quercetin 3-O-neohesperdoside; C3: Quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside; C4: Isoquercetin; C5: Quercetin. Data are expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed. Statistical significance in relation to the normal group was assigned at * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; and *** p < 0.001; whereas statistical significance in relation to the T2DM control group (high fat diet + Streptozotocin) was assigned at ^# p < 0.05; ^## p < 0.01; and ^### p < 0.001 using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test.