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. 2021 Oct 21;10(11):1653. doi: 10.3390/antiox10111653

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Mean values of primary (A) and secondary (B) sperm abnormalities as well as sperm concentration (C) in epididymal semen samples of control and treated rats. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM. a, p < 0.05 versus normal control. b. p < 0.05 versus CdCl₂ group. RCME: Red carrot methanolic extract.Vit. E: Vitamin E.