Table 2.
Chemical composition of the essential oil of Olea europaea L. cv. Oblica from six months.
| Month of Collection/ Yield in %/ Yield in % ± SD | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Component | RI1 | RI2 | December (0.1%) |
January (0.1%) |
February (0.1%) |
March (0.04%) |
April (0.2%) |
May (0.08%) |
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 1.9 | 0.38 | 0.28 | - | - | - | ||
| α-Thujene | 924 | 1012 | 0.62 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - |
| α-Pinene * | 935 | 1017 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 0.38 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| Myrcene | 988 | 1160 | 0.75 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - |
| β-Thujone | 1121 | 1451 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | - | 0.28± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 1.41 | - | 9.9 | - | - | - | ||
| Linalool * | 1099 | 1548 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | - | 9.35 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| Borneol * | 1176 | 1699 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | - | 0.17 ± 0.03 | - | - | - |
| Terpinen-4-ol | 1184 | 1601 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | - | 0.38 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 10.48 | 16.58 | 24.32 | 32.37 | 30.86 | 40.57 | ||
| α-Cubebene | 1345 | 1458 | - | - | 10.54± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| α-Copaene | 1374 | 1484 | - | 3.29 ± 0.03 | - | - | - | 7.79 ± 0.01 |
| β-Cubebene | 1387 | 1540 | - | - | 1.34 ± 0.01 | - | 2.64 ± 0.01 | 8.99 ± 0.01 |
| β-Elemene | 1389 | 1593 | 1.64 ± 0.01 | 0.63 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | 0.66 ± 0.07 |
| β-Caryophyllene * | 1424 | 1585 | 2.82 ± 0.01 | 2.87 ± 0.02 | 1.86 ± 0.01 | 10.45 ± 0.01 | 0.39 ± 0.06 | 1.26 ± 0.01 |
| β-Copaene | 1429 | 1576 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 3.26 ± 0.02 | 2.25 ± 0.01 | - | 2.95 ± 0.01 | 2.38 ± 0.01 |
| (Z)-β-Farnesene | 1454 | 1639 | 0.24 ± 0.1 | 0.29 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| α-Humulene | 1456 | 1654 | 0.75 ± 0.01 | 0.78 ± 0.01 | 0.78 ± 0.01 | 0.72 ± 0.01 | 18.53 ± 0.01 | 14.75 ± 0.01 |
| allo-Aromadendrene | 1465 | 1662 | 2.92 ± 0.05 | 2.98 ± 0.02 | 1.44 ± 0.02 | 20.94 ± 0.01 | 5.98 ± 0.01 | 4.74 ± 0.01 |
| Germacrene D | 1481 | 1692 | 0.46 ± 0.01 | 0.99 ± 0.03 | 4.76 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.37 ± 0.01 | - |
| β-Bisabolene | 1494 | 1729 | 0.63 ± 0.01 | 0.75 ± 0.01 | 0.64 ± 0.07 | - | - | - |
| δ-Cadinene | 1517 | 1745 | 0.75 ± 0.01 | 0.74 ± 0.01 | 0.71 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 21.91 | 22.38 | 1.34 | - | 0.68 | 7.03 | ||
| Spathulenol | 1577 | 2101 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 0.35 ± 0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.05 | - | - | - |
| Caryophyllene oxide * | 1581 | 1955 | 17.13 ± 0.03 | 21.27 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | - | 0.68 ± 0.01 | - |
| α-Cadinol | 1655 | 2208 | 4.46 ± 0.01 | 0.76 ± 0.03 | - | - | - | 7.03 ± 0.01 |
| Phenolic compounds | 33.02 | 27.85 | 4.18 | 2.03 | - | 2.95 | ||
| Eugenol * | 1370 | 2175 | - | - | - | 0.91 ± 0.1 | ||
| Myristicin | 1520 | 2260 | 33.02 ± 0.01 | 27.85 ± 0.01 | 4.18 ± 0.01 | 1.12 ± 0.01 | - | 2.95± 0.01 |
| Hydrocarbons | 13.03 | 10.72 | 19.25 | 42.81 | 6.9 | 8.58 | ||
| Heneicosane * | 2100 | 2100 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | - | 0.27 ± 0.01 | - |
| Docosane * | 2200 | 2200 | 5.21 ± 0.01 | 4.54 ± 0.03 | 7.03 ± 0.01 | 40.12± 0.01 | 6.63 ± 0.01 | 3.46 ± 0.01 |
| Tricosane * | 2300 | 2300 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.53± 0.01 | - | 0.44 ± 0.01 |
| Tetracosane * | 2400 | 2400 | - | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 3.46 ± 0.06 | 1.24± 0.07 | - | 4.68 ± 0.03 |
| Pentacosane * | 2500 | 2500 | 1.52 ± 0.01 | 1.56 ± 0.03 | 1.54 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| Hexacosane * | 2600 | 2600 | 4.63 ± 0.01 | 2.94± 0.02 | 2.96 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| Heptacosane * | 2700 | 2700 | 1.32 ± 0.01 | 0.82 ± 0.01 | 3.85 ± 0.01 | 0.92± 0.01 | - | - |
| Alcohols | - | 0.93 | - | - | - | 0.64 | ||
| n-Decanol | 1266 | 1714 | - | 0.93 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| n-Dodecanol | 1469 | 1960 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.64± 0.01 |
| Acids | 11.32 | 9.52 | 8.41 | 6.1 | 13.59 | 9.69 | ||
| Hexadecanoic acid | 1959 | 2913 | 3.21 ± 0.01 | 2.78 ± 0.03 | 2.94± 0.01 | 1.18± 0.01 | 9.93 ± 0.01 | 0.75± 0.01 |
| Oleic acid | 2139 | - | 8.11 ± 0.02 | 6.74 ± 0.02 | 5.47± 0.01 | 4.92± 0.01 | 3.66 ± 0.01 | 8.94± 0.01 |
| Ketones | - | 8.02 | 1.24 | 11.97 | 44.06 | 23.58 | ||
| (E)-β-Damascenone | 1384 | 1819 | - | 0.52 ± 0.05 | - | 10.45 ± 0.01 | 5.02 ± 0.01 | 14.55 ± 0.01 |
| α-Ionone | 1427 | 1843 | - | 5.32 ± 0.01 | - | 1.52 ± 0.02 | 18.56 ± 0.01 | 0.75 ± 0.01 |
| β-Ionone | 1487 | 1935 | - | 2.18 ± 0.01 | 1.24 ± 0.01 | - | 20.48 ± 0.01 | 8.28 ± 0.01 |
| Esters | - | - | 24.03 | - | - | - | ||
| endo-Fenchyl acetate | 1218 | 1465 | - | - | 12.75 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| Linalyl acetate | 1252 | 1553 | - | - | 11.28 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| Total identification (%) | 93.07 | 96.38 | 92.95 | 95.28 | 96.09 | 93.04 | ||
Retention indices (RIs) were determined relative to a series of n-alkanes (C8–C40) on capillary columns VF5-ms (RI1) and CPWax 52 (RI2).Method of identification: RI, comparison of RIs with those in a self-generated library reported in the literature [31] and/or with authentic samples; comparison of mass spectra with those in the NIST02 and Wiley 9 mass spectral libraries [32]; * co-injection with reference compounds; -, not identified; SD, standard deviation of triplicate analysis.