Table 3.
Chemical composition of the hydrosols of Olea europaea L. cv. Oblica from six months.
| Month of Collection/ Yield in % ± SD | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Component | RI1 | RI2 | December | January | February | March | April | May |
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 4.16 | 2.65 | 1.36 | 1.79 | 13.35 | 7.45 | ||
| α-Thujene | 924 | 1012 | - | - | - | - | 7.12 ± 0.01 | - |
| α-Pinene * | 935 | 1017 | 2.68 ± 0.01 | 2.65 ± 0.01 | 1.36 ± 0.01 | 1.79 ± 0.01 | 6.23 ± 0.01 | 7.45 ± 0.01 |
| Myrcene | 988 | 1160 | 0.87 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - |
| β-Thujone | 1121 | 1451 | 0.61 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 2.9 | - | 0.38 | - | 7.18 | 2.78 | ||
| Linalool * | 1099 | 1548 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.97 ± 0.01 |
| Borneol * | 1176 | 1699 | - | - | - | - | 1.27 ± 0.01 | - |
| Terpinen-4-ol | 1184 | 1601 | - | - | - | - | 0.79 ± 0.01 | - |
| α-Terpineol | 1186 | 1690 | 2.18 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | 3.66 ± 0.01 | 0.67 ± 0.07 |
| Myrtenol | 1197 | 1782 | 0.72 ± 0.01 | - | 0.38 ± 0.01 | - | 1.46 ± 0.01 | 1.14 ± 0.01 |
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 3.98 | 7.26 | 1.31 | 41.97 | 3.31 | 9.71 | ||
| α-Copaene | 1374 | 1484 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.55 ± 0.01 |
| β-Elemene | 1389 | 1593 | 1.16 ± 0.05 | - | - | 1.17 ± 0.01 | - | - |
| β-Caryophyllene * | 1424 | 1585 | 2.82 ± 0.01 | 1.38 ± 0.01 | 1.31 ± 0.01 | 1.26 ± 0.01 | - | - |
| β-Copaene | 1429 | 1576 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.86 ± 0.01 |
| (Z)-β-Farnesene | 1454 | 1639 | - | - | - | - | 1.24 ± 0.01 | - |
| α-Humulene | 1456 | 1654 | - | - | - | - | 2.07 ± 0.01 | 4.54 ± 0.01 |
| allo-Aromadendrene | 1465 | 1662 | - | 0.38 ± 0.03 | - | - | - | - |
| Germacrene D | 1481 | 1692 | - | 4.79 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| β-Bisabolene | 1494 | 1729 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.76 ± 0.01 |
| Bicyclogermacrene | 1500 | 1718 | - | - | - | 39.54 ± 0.01 | - | - |
| δ-Cadinene | 1517 | 1745 | - | 0.71 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 2.71 | - | - | - | 2.39 | 1.92 | ||
| Spathulenol | 1577 | 2101 | 0.47 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | 0.42 ± 0.01 | - |
| Caryophyllene oxide * | 1581 | 1955 | 0.96 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | 1.97 ± 0.01 | 0.67 ± 0.01 |
| α-Cadinol | 1655 | 2208 | 1.28 ± 0.05 | - | - | - | - | 1.25 ± 0.01 |
| Phenolic compounds | 43.05 | 2.17 | 3.36 | 6.26 | 10.33 | 11.75 | ||
| Eugenol * | 1370 | 2175 | 7.48 ± 0.01 | 1.02 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| Myristicin | 1520 | 2260 | 35.57 ± 0.01 | 1.15 ± 0.01 | 3.36 ± 0.01 | 6.26 ± 0.01 | 10.33 ± 0.01 | 11.75 ± 0.01 |
| Hydrocarbons | 0.46 | 2.97 | 3.27 | 3.57 | 6.01 | 3.67 | ||
| Heneicosane * | 2100 | 2100 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.32 ± 0.01 |
| Docosane * | 2200 | 2200 | 0.46 ± 0.01 | 0.94 ± 0.01 | 3.27 ± 0.01 | 3.31 ± 0.01 | 4.89 ± 0.01 | 1.15 ± 0.01 |
| Tricosane * | 2300 | 2300 | - | 0.35 ± 0.03 | - | - | 0.46 ± 0.01 | 0.94 ± 0.07 |
| Tetracosane * | 2400 | 2400 | - | 0.67 ± 0.03 | - | - | 0.66 ± 0.01 | 1.26 ± 0.01 |
| Pentacosane * | 2500 | 2500 | - | 0.46 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| Hexacosane * | 2600 | 2600 | - | 0.55 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| Heptacosane * | 2700 | 2700 | - | - | - | 0.26 ± 0.01 | - | - |
| Alcohols | 0.97 | 19.89 | 1.54 | 6.9 | 2.51 | 0.12 | ||
| 1-Hexanol | 863 | 1350 | 0.97 ± 0.07 | 1.23 ± 0.01 | 1.22 ± 0.01 | 1.47 ± 0.01 | 2.51 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 |
| n-Decanol | 1266 | 1714 | - | 18.66 ± 0.01 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 0.27 ± 0.01 | - | - |
| n-Dodecanol | 1469 | 1960 | - | - | - | 5.16 ± 0.01 | - | - |
| Acids | 3.15 | 2.67 | 12.82 | 11.12 | 9.69 | 7.02 | ||
| Hexadecanoic acid | 1959 | 2913 | 1.97 ± 0.01 | - | 0.25 ± 0.04 | - | 2.71 ± 0.01 | 4.67 ± 0.01 |
| Oleic acid | 2139 | - | 1.18 ± 0.05 | 2.67 ± 0.01 | 12.57 ± 0.01 | 11.12 ± 0.01 | 6.98 ± 0.01 | 2.35 ± 0.02 |
| Aldehydes | - | 3.98 | 4.67 | 3.76 | - | - | ||
| n-Nonanal | 1100 | 1390 | - | - | 1.28 ± 0.03 | 3.76 ± 0.01 | - | - |
| (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal | 1150 | 1582 | - | - | 3.39 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| n-Decanal | 1201 | 1472 | - | 3.98 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| Ketones | 32.33 | 50.99 | 51.65 | 7.59 | 41.1 | 51.27 | ||
| (E)-β-Damascenone | 1384 | 1819 | 19.12 ± 0.01 | 10.64 ± 0.01 | 8.78 ± 0.01 | 6.58 ± 0.01 | 16.37 ± 0.01 | 16.89 ± 0.01 |
| α-Ionone | 1427 | 1843 | 3.28 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.66 ± 0.01 | 8.76 ± 0.02 | 9.05 ± 0.01 |
| β-Ionone | 1487 | 1935 | 9.93 ± 0.01 | 40.35 ± 0.01 | 42.87 ± 0.01 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 15.97 ± 0.01 | 25.33 ± 0.01 |
| Esters | - | - | 12.41 | 9.91 | - | - | ||
| endo-Fenchyl acetate | 1218 | 1465 | - | - | 2.75 ± 0.02 | - | - | - |
| Linalyl acetate | 1252 | 1553 | - | - | 9.66 ± 0.01 | 9.91 ± 0.01 | - | - |
| Total identification (%) | 93.71 | 92.58 | 92.77 | 92.87 | 95.87 | 95.69 | ||
Retention indices (RIs) were determined relative to a series of n-alkanes (C8–C40) on capillary columns VF5-ms (RI1) and CPWax 52 (RI2).Method of identification: RI, comparison of RIs with those in a self-generated library reported in the literature [31] and/or with authentic samples; comparison of mass spectra with those in the NIST02 and Wiley 9 mass spectral libraries [32]; * co-injection with reference compounds; -, not identified; SD, standard deviation of triplicate analysis.