Table 1.

An overview of recent advancements in knowledge of DHN gene functioning against various abiotic stresses.

S No.	Source	Gene	Year	Target	Tolerance	Reference
1.	Rice	Rab16A	2012	Rice	Salinity	[126]
	Medicago Truncatula	MtCAS31		Arabidopsis	Drought	[127]
	Physcomitrella patens	PpDHNA and PpDHNB		Arabidopsis	Salt and osmotic	[114]
	Tomato	tas14		Tomato	Drought and salinity	[128]
	Rice	OsLEA3-2		Arabidopsis and rice	Drought and salinity	[129]
	Opuntia streptacantha	OpsDHN1		Arabidopsis	Freezing	[130]
2.	Cerastium arcticum	CaDHN	2013	Saccharomyces	Salinity and freezing	[131]
	Tamarix androssowii	TaLEA		Poplar	Drought and salinity	[132]
	Ammopiptanthus mongolicus	AmDHN		Arabidopsis	Drought and salinity	[133]
	Gentiana triflora	GtDHN1 and GtDHN2		Gentiana trifloral	Drought and freezing	[134]
3.	Stipa purpurea	SpDHN1	2014	Arabidopsis	Drought	[135]
	Rice	OsDhn1		Rice	Drought and salinity	[136]
	Arabidopsis	AtLEA14		Arabidopsis and yeast	Salinity	[137]
	Saussurea involucrata	SiDhn2		Tobacco	Freezing and drought	[94]
4.	Wheat	DHN-5	2015	Arabidopsis	Salinity	[138]
	Pennisetum glaucum	PgDHN		E. coli and yeast	Salt, osmotic, and heat	[118]
	Solanum habrochaites	ShDHN		Tomato	Cold, drought, salt, and osmotic	[93]
	Olea europaea	OesDHN		Arabidopsis	Drought	[139]
5.	Vitis vinifera	VvDhn	2016	Tobacco	Drought and salinity	[140]
	Wheat	DHN-5		Arabidopsis	Salt and osmotic	[119]
	Eucalyptus nitens	EniDHN2		Arabidopsis	Cold	[141]
	Wheat	TaDHN1 and TaDHN3		Arabidopsis	Drought and salinity	[104]
6.	Prunus mume	PmLEAs	2017	Tobacco	Drought and cold	[107]
	Hevea brasiliensis	HbDHN1 and HbDHN2		Arabidopsis	Salt, drought, and osmotic	[79]
	Saussurea involucrata	SiDHN		Tobacco	Drought and cold	[142]
7.	Bermudagrass	CdDHN4	2018	Arabidopsis and E. coli	Salinity, cold, and heat	[143]
	Ipomoea pes-caprae	IpDHN		Arabidopsis	Salt and drought	[81]
	Eriobotrya japonica	EjDHN		Tobacco	Cold	[144]
	Gastrodia elata	GeLEA		E. coli	Cold	[145]
8.	Malus domestica	MdoDHN11	2019	Arabidopsis	Drought	[24]
	Oryza sativa	OsDhnRab16		Rice	Drought	[146]
	Capsicum annuum	CaDHN5		Arabidopsis	Salt and osmotic	[125]
	Korshinsk pea shrub	CkLEA2-3		Arabidopsis	Salt and osmotic	[120]
	African lily	ApY2SK2 and ApSK3		Arabidopsis	Salt, osmotic, cold, and drought	[121]
	Zea mays	ZmDHN13		Yeast and tobacco	Oxidative stress	[147]
9.	Ammopiptanthus mongolicus	AmDHN132, AmDHN154 and AmDHN200	2020	Arabidopsis	Salt, osmotic, and cold	[123]
	Cerastium arcticum	CaDHN		Arabidopsis and E. coli	Salt, cold, and drought	[148]
	Medicago falcate	MfLEA3		Tobacco	Cold and drought	[149]
	Capsicum annuum	CaDHN4		Capsicum annuum	Salt	[77]
	Cucumis melo	CmLEA-S		Tobacco	Salinity and drought	[150]
10.	Vitis vinifera	VviDHN2 and VviDHN4	2021	E. coli	Freezing and drought	[151]
	Capsicum annuum	CaDHN3 and CaHIRD11		Arabidopsis	Salt and drought	[152]