(a) Schematic illustration of the design strategy of viscosity-activatable fluorescence probes WD-X (WD-CH3, WD-NO2, WD-OCH3, and WD-NME2). Chemical structures and synthetic routes of WD-X (left) and mechanism of WD-X for viscosity-activatable NIR-II fluorescence imaging (right). (b) Electronic absorption and (c) fluorescence spectra of WD-NO2 (20 μM) in the ethanol-glycerol system with different viscosities. Inset shows fluorescence images of WD-NO2 in the ethanol-glycerol system with different glycerol ratios. (d) Normalized NIR-II fluorescence spectra of WD-X (WD-NO2, WD-CH3, WD-OCH3, and WD-NME2) in the system with 95% glycerol. Inset shows the corresponding fluorescence images under the irradiation of 808 nm (40 mW/cm2) laser. (e) Fluorescence imaging and (f) normalized relative fluorescence intensity of mice after treatment with WD-NO2, WD-NO2 + Mon, WD-NO2 + Nys, and WD-NO2 + LPS. Reproduced with permission [131]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.