Table 1.

Cellulose/silver nanocomposites: summary of preparation methods, properties, and applications.

Cellulose Source	Preparation Method	Properties	Applications	Ref.
Cellulose	Chemical reduction	Ag/ZnO decorated cellulose nanocomposite	Rapid sterilization and eradication	[82]
	Synthesis of silver nanoparticles-covered three-dimensional cellulose	3D cellulose-Ag scaffold	Tissue engineering and other relevant applications	[142]
	Surface sol−gel method	TiO2/Ag nanosponges containing uniform dispersion of silver nanoparticles	Photocatalysts	[143]
Cellulose fibers	In situ biosynthesis of Ag NPs by sumac leaf extract as reducing and stabilising agent	Face-centered cubic Ag NPs with size of 52 to 105 nm	Ag NP improved the durability of the coating	[83]
Cellulose nanofibers	Thermal treatment and DMF as reducing agents	Good distribution of AgNPs on cellulose nanofibers	Antimicrobial activities	[77]
	Decoration with AgNPs via ultraviolet radiation and copper nanoparticles via chemical reduction	The metal release related to the contents of copper or silver	Superior bactericidal activity	[85]
	Directional freeze-drying	Silver nanowires	Anisotropic 3D composite sponge	[144]
Celluose nanocrystals	Nucleation of silver nanoparticles		Mediators for silver nanoparticles preparation with good size distribution	[43]
Cellulose acetate nanofibers	In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles followed by electrospinning technique	Dense and compact entangled nanofibers	An efficient anticorrosive material	[92]
Bacterial cellulose	UV light irradiation	AgNPs with narrow size distribution along with some aggregate	Antimicrobial membrane for wound-healing treatment	[20]
	Hydrogel. In situ reduction of Ag NPs	Homogeneous distribution of Ag NPs inside BC hydrogel	Broad-spectrum antimicrobial performance	[87]
	Nanocrystals. Chemical reduction of Ag+ ions	High metallic Ag content ranging from 88% to 97%	Food packaging, paints, or surface treatment	[94]
	Silver nanoparticles ~16.5 nm were thermal reduction	In situ synthesized on TEMPO oxidized bacterial cellulose nanofiber surfaces by	Wound dressing	[145]
Oxidized bacterial cellulose	Ion-exchange followed by thermal reduction	Controlled size distribution		[54]
Dicarboxylic cellulose	In situ immobilization of silver nanoparticles	Uniform silver nanoparticles with 15 nm size.	Dicarboxylic cellulose/silver nanocomposite	[19]
Oxidized cellulose microfibrils containing aldehyde groups	Silver mirror reaction	Particle size ranged from 5 to 25 nm	Materials had an electric conductivity of approximately 5 S/cm	[34]
Dialdehyde nanofobrillated cellulose	In situ immobilization of silver nanoparticles	Silver nanoparticles (~31.07 nm) were fabricated and uniformly anchored	Controlled release and long-term antibacterial	[146]
Hydroxypropyl cellulose.	Silver-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles by solution blending	Multifunctional composite films	Accelerated wound-healing, antibacterial properties	[35]
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils	Silver nanoparticles diameter range of 8−25 nm	In situ reduction to form CNF/silver nanoparticle Suspention	Selective detection of cysteine	[147]
Cellulose ultrathin films grafted by N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole	In situ immobilization of silver nanoparticles	Higher silver density regions	Enable controlled electrical conductivity of cellulose surfaces	[61]
Cellulose pulp	Hydrothermal in situ reduction followed by dry-jet wet-spun	Homogenous distributed silver among the fiber cross section	Yellow fabrics	[76]
Cellulose paper	The addition of various cellulose derivatives suppresses aggregation of Ag NPs during reduction	The concentration of Ag NPs is proportional to the initial silver salt concentration	Enhanced antibacterial activity of the cotton fibers	[86]
	Dip-coating technique	Silver nanowire	Cellulose/silver nanowires papers	[148]
Filter paper	Silver nanoparticles	Reduction and immobilization	Catalyst for or 4-nitrophenol reduction, and to emphasize its duality as a SERS substrate	[149]
Cellulose nanowhiskers	Chemical reduction	Homogeneous AgNPs	Antimicrobial activity and biomedical applications	[81]
Electrospun cellulose acetate nanofiber	Electrospun nanomats of cellulose acetate with the incorporation of Ag NPs	Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (3–8 nm)	Activity towards biofilms, healthcare, and design of antimicrobial nanomat and wound dressing	[91]
Porous cellulose	Ion exchange of carboxylate groups to Ag cations followed by the reduction	Composite cellulose/Ag particles	Catalysis	[78]
Porous cellulose particles	Solvent-releasing method: silver cation exchange reduction reaction using the carboxylate groups	Composite cellulose/Ag particles	Catalysis	[124]
Cellulose/Keratin	One-Pot Synthesis	27 ± 2 for Ag0 and 9 ± 1 nm for Ag+	Blends containing either Ag+ or Ag0	[65]
Regenerated cellulose	Hyperbranched polyamide-amine/silver nanoparticles	In situ	Food packaging	[150]