Table 1.

The table displays for each included study.

Study	Disease	Sensor	Case	Control	Sensitivity	Specificity
Mommers [26], 2020	Aneurysm and recurrent hernia	Metal-oxide	64 a	74	0.81	0.73
Wong [27], 2019	Appendicitis	Conductive polymer	5	45	0.8	0.8
Montuschi [28], 2010	Asthma	Quartz microbalances	30	21	0.87	0.95
Barash [29], 2015	Breast cancer	Gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes	169	82	0.88	0.83
Yang [5], 2021	Breast cancer	Carbon nanotubes	70 b	18 a	0.86 b	0.97 b
Fielding [30], 2020	Bronchial and laryngeal cancer	Carbon nanotubes	42	13	0.95	0.69
Amal [6], 2016	Colorectal cancer	Gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes	20 b	36 b	0.94 b	0.91 b
Shafiek [31], 2015	COPD	Carbon nanotubes	124	30	0.69	0.75
Binson [10], 2021	COPD and lung cancer	Metal-oxide	70	144	0.81	0.94
Welearegay [32], 2018	Cutaneous leishmaniasis	Metal nanoparticles	28 a	28	0.96	1
Welearegay [33], 2019	Echinococcosis	Metal nanoparticles	36	40	0.97	0.98
van Dartel [34], 2020	Epilepsy	Metal-oxide	74	110	0.76	0.67
Broza [8], 2019	Gastric cancer	Gold nanoparticles	102	1065	0.82	0.79
Xu [35], 2013	Gastric cancer	Gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes	37	93	0.89	0.9
Leja [36], 2021	Gastric cancer	Gold nanoparticles	47	105	0.92	0.86
Umapathy [37], 2019	Haemodialysis	Metal-oxide	21	17	0.86	0.29
Gruber [38], 2014	Head and neck cancer	Nanomaterial-based sensor	22	19	0.77	0.9
Leunis [39], 2014	Head and neck cancer	Metal-oxide	36	23	0.9	0.8
Hakim [9], 2011	Head-and-neck cancer and lung cancer	Gold nanoparticles	36 a	52	1	0.92
Finamore [40], 2018	Heart failure	Quartz microbalances	30 b	39 b	0.8 b	0.82 b
Moor [11], 2021	Interstitial lung disease	Metal-oxide	322	48	1	1
De Vincentis [12], 2016	Liver cirrhosis	Quartz microbalances	58	56	1	0.98
Zaim [41], 2021	Liver cirrhosis	WO3 nanowires	22	32	0.97	1
Gasparri [42], 2016	Lung cancer	Quartz microbalances	72	74	0.88	1
Huang [4], 2018	Lung cancer	Carbon nanotubes	56	188	0.92	0.93
Hubers [43], 2014	Lung cancer	Carbon nanotubes	38	39	0.87	0.43
Kononov [44], 2020	Lung cancer	Metal-oxide	19 b	17 b	0.95 b	1 b
Rocco [45], 2016	Lung cancer	Quartz microbalances	23	77	0.86	0.95
Shlomi [46], 2017	Lung cancer	Gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes	16	30	0.75	0.93
Tan [47], 2016	Lung cancer	Metal-oxide	12	13	0.83	0.88
Broza et al. [48], 2017	Multiple sclerosis	Gold nanoparticles	128	58	0.76	0.81
Nakhleh et al. [49], 2015	Parkinson’s disease	Gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes	16	37	0.81	0.76
Ionescu et al. [50], 2011	Multiple sclerosis	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and single-wall carbon nanotubes	34	17	0.85	0.71
Amal et al. [51], 2015	Ovarian cancer	Gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes	48	48	0.85	0.65
Raspagliesi et al. [7], 2020	Ovarian cancer	Metal-oxide	86	114	0.98	0.95
Yang et al. [52], 2018	Pneumoconiosis	Carbon nanotubes	34	64	0.68	0.84
Nakhleh et al. [53], 2016	Preeclampsia	Gold nanoparticles	31	31	0.92	0.91
Broza et al. [54], 2018	Rhinosinusitis	Gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes	17	30	0.76	0.8
Zamora-Mendoza et al. [55], 2022	SARS-CoV-2	Carbon nanotubes	42	30	0.97	1
Shan et al. [14], 2020	SARS-CoV-2	Gold nanoparticles	41	57	1	0.81
Wintjens et al. [56], 2020	SARS-CoV-2	Metal-oxide	57	162	0.86	0.54
Tsai et al. [57], 2021	Small airway dysfunction	Carbon nanotubes	12	60	0.92	0.95
Chen et al. [13], 2020	Ventilator-associated pneumonia	Carbon nanotubes	33	26	0.72	0.77
Schnabel et al. [58], 2015	Ventilator-associated pneumonia	Metal-oxide	33	53	0.88	0.66

^a Included data from the model for two disease outcomes. ^b Data derived from a test database.