Table 1.

Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with risk of diabetes or risk factors for coronary heart disease and vascular disease. Great Obstetrical syndromes are strictly connected to adverse long-term health consequences. Women with a history of adverse pregnancy outcome appear to be at increased risk of metabolic and vascular diseases in later life.

Pregnancy Outcome	Incidence in Pregnancy %	Risk Factors Shown to be Perturbed after Pregnancy	Association or Risk Ratio (95% Cl)
Gestational diabetes	1.9–5.0	Lipids	Increased risk for type 2 diabetes, especially if recurrence of gestational diabetes in a subsequent Pregnancy. No data on Coronary heart disease
		Blood pressure
		Large vessel function
		Small vessel function
Preeclampsia (PE)	2–4	Lipids	1.9 (1.0–3.5) vs. pregnancy
		Clotting	induced hypertension alone
		Fasting insulin	1.7 (1.3–2.2) vs. no-PE
		Large vessels function	2.0 (1.5–2.5) vs. no-PE
Low birth weight (<2500 g)	5	Not studied	11.3 (2.5–36.1) vs. ≥3500 g
			7.1 (2.6–18.7) vs. ≥3500 g
Preterm delivery (<37 weeks)	5–6	Not studied	1.8 (1.3–2.5) vs. term deliv
			2.1.(1.2–3.5) vs. term deliv

Modified and reproduced with permission from: Sattar and Greer 2002.