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. 2021 Nov 10;11(11):1486. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11111486

Table 1.

The nuclear parcellation of the locus coeruleus complex has been described in approximately 80 mammalian species, representing species across the phylogenetic breadth of this class. This table summarizes the results of the studies where the nuclei have been described and the results, as well as indicating where data is unavailable (No data). A4—dorsomedial division of locus coeruleus; A5—fifth arcuate nucleus; A6d—diffuse portion of locus coeruleus; A6cr—compact portion of locus coeruleus, rodent-type; A6cp—compact portion of locus coeruleus, primate-type; A6cm—compact portion of locus coeruleus, megachiropteran-type; A6m—medial division of locus coeruleus; A7sc—nucleus subcoeruleus, compact portion; A7d—nucleus subcoeruleus, diffuse portion; P—nucleus present; -—nucleus absent; P.O.—personal observation, ?—data deficient.

Subclass Clade/
Superorder		 Order Species Number Scientific Name Common Name Nuclei of the Locus Coeruleus Complex Source(s)
A4 A5 A6d A6cr A6cp A6cm A6m A7sc A7d
Prototheria Monotremata 3 Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus - P P - - - - P P [12]
Tachyglossus aculeatus Short-beaked echidna - P P - - - - P P [12]
Metatheria Ameridelphia Didelphimorphia 108 Didelphis virginiana Virginia opossum - ? P - - - - P P [13]
Paucituberculata 7 No data
Australidelphia Microbiotheria 1 No data
Dasyuromorphia 75 Sarcophilus harrisii Tasmanian devil - P P - - - - P P [14]
Notoryctemorphia 2 No data
Peramelemorphia 24 No data
Diprotodontia 137 No data
Eutheria Xenarthra Cingulata 22 No data
Pilosa 9 No data
Afrotheria Tublidentata 1 No data
Macroscelidea 20 Elephantulus myurus Eastern rock elephant shrew P P P - - - - P P [15]
Petrodromus tetradactylus Four-toed sengi P P P - - - - P P [16]
Afrosoricida 30 Potomogale velox Giant otter shrew P P P - - - - P P [16]
Echinops telfairi Lesser hedgehog tenrec - P P - - - - P P P.O.
Amblysomus hottentotus Hottentot golden mole P P P - - - - P P [16]
Chrysochloris asiatica Cape golden mole P P P - - - - P P P.O.
Hyracoidea 7 Procavia capensis Rock hyrax P P P - - - - P P [17]
Proboscidea 3 Loxodonta africana African bush elephant - P P - - - P P P [18]
Sirenia 4 No data
Laurasiatheria Eulipotyphla 399 Paraechinus aethiopicus Desert hedgehog P P P - - - - P P [19]
Atelerix frontalis Southern African hedgehog P P P - - - - P P [19]
Erinaceus europeaus European hedgehog ? P P - - - - P P [20]
Crocidura olivieri African giant shrew - P P - - - - P P [19]
Crocidura cyanea Reddish-grey musk shrew - P P - - - - P P [19]
Sylvisorex ollula Greater forest shrew - P P - - - - P P [19]
Microchiroptera 1200+ Miniopterus schreibersii Schreiber’s long-fingered bat - P P - - - - P P [21]
Chaerophon pumilis Little free-tailed bat - P P - - - - P P [22]
Hipposideros commersoni Commerson’s leaf-nosed bat - P P - - - - P P [22]
Cardioderma cor Heart-nosed bat - P P - - - - P P [22]
Coleura afra African sheath-tailed bat - P P - - - - P P [22]
Triaenops persicus Persian trident bat - P P - - - - P P [22]
Megachiroptera 190+ Rousettus aegyptiacus Egyptian rousette P P P - - P - P P [23]
Eidolon helvum Straw-coloured fruit bat P P P - - P - P P [24]
Epomophorus wahlbergi Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat P P P - - P - P P [24]
Philodota 7 Manis tricuspis Tree pangolin - P - - - - - P P [25]
Carnivora 270 Canis familiaris Domestic dog - P P - - - - P P [26]
Lycaon pictus African wild dog - P P - - - - P P P.O.
Mustela putorius Domestic ferret - P P - - - - P P [27]
Felis cattus Domestic cat P P P - - - - P P [28]
Acinonyx jubatus Cheetah P P P - - - - P P P.O.
Mungos mungo Banded mongoose - P P - - - - P P [27]
Perissodactyla 16 Equus africanus asinus Domestic donkey P P P - - - - P P P.O.
Equus caballus Domestic horse P P P - - - - P P P.O.
Equus zebra zebra Cape mountain zebra P P P - - - - P P P.O.
Equus quagga Plains zebra P P P - - - - P P P.O.
Tapirus indicus Malayan tapir P P P - - - - P P P.O.
Cetartiodactyla 220 Giraffa camelopardalis Giraffe - P P - - - - P P [29]
Connochaetes taurinus Blue wildbeest - P P - - - - P P [30]
Oryx leucoryx Arabian oryx - P P - - - - P P [31]
Ovis aries Domestic sheep - P P - - - - P P [32]
Tursiops truncatus Bottlenose dolphin - P P - - - - P P [33]
Globicephala macrorhynchus Short-finned pilot whale - P P - - - - P P [34]
Grampus griseus Risso’s dolphin - P P - - - - P P [34]
Stenella coeruleoalba Striped dolphin - P P - - - - P P [34]
Stenella frontalis Atlantic spotted dolphin - P P - - - - P P [34]
Delphinus delphis Common dolphin - P P - - - - P P [34]
Phocoena phocoena Harbour porpoise P P P - - - - P P [35]
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke whale - P P - - - - P P [36]
Hippopotamus amphibius River hippopotamus - P P - - - - P P [37]
Lama pacos Alpaca - P P - - - - P P [38]
Euarchontoglires Rodentia 2200+ Rattus norvegicus Laboratory rat P P - P - - - P P [2,39]
Mus musculus Laboratory mouse P P - P - - - P P [40,41]
Mus minutoides Pygmy mouse P P - P - - - P P [42]
Tatera brantsii Highveld gerbil P P P - - - - P P [43]
Tachyoryctes splendens East African mole-rat P P P - - - - P P P.O.
Pedetes capensis Springhare P P P - - - - P P [44]
Anomalurus beecrofti Beecroft’s scaly-tailed squirrel P P P - - - - P P [44]
Hystrix africaeaustralis Crested porcupine P P P - - - - P P [45]
Thryonomys swinderianus Greater cane rat P P P - - - - P P [46]
Cryptomys hottentotus Highveld mole-rat P P P - - - - P P [47,48]
Bathyergus suillus Cape dune mole-rat P P P - - - - P P [48]
Georhychus capensis Cape mole-rat P P P - - - - P P P.O.
Dasyprocta primnolopha Black-rumped agouti P P P - - - - P P P.O.
Lagomorpha 87 Oryctolagus cuniculus Domestic rabbit P P P - - - - P P [49]
Lepus capensis Cape hare P P P - - - - P P [50]
Scandentia 19 Tupaia belangeri Northern tree shrew P P P - - - - P P [50]
Tupaia glis Common tree shrew P P P - - - - P P [51]
Dermoptera 2 No data
Primates 300+ Galago demidoff Prince Demidoff’s bushbaby P P P - P - - P P [52]
Perodicticus potto Potto P P P - P - - P P [52]
Lemur catta Ring-tailed lemur P P P - P - - P P [52]
Cebuella pygmaea Pygmy marmoset P P P - P - - P P [53]
Saimiri sciureus Common squirrel monkey P P P - P - - P P [54,55]
Macaca speciosa Stump-tailed macaque P P P - P - - P P [56]
Macaca mulatta Rhesus macaque P P P - P - - P P [57]
Hylobates lar Lar gibbon P P P - P - - P P [58]
Pan troglodytes Chimpanzee P P P - P - - P P [58]
Homo sapiens Human P P P - P - - P P [59,60,61]