Table 2.
Comparisons of cardiac structure and novel LA mechanical parameters across non-drinkers and habitual drinkers without and with the presence of ALDH2 polymorphism.
| Non-Drinkers (n = 56) | Habitual Drinkers (n = 193) | p-Value | (Habitual Drinkers) ALDH2 Polymorphism (−) (n = 135) |
(Habitual Drinkers) ALDH2 Polymorphism (+) (n = 58) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac structure and function | ||||||
| Septal wall thickness, cm | 8.8 ± 1.3 | 9.3 ± 1.3 | 0.013 | 9.3 ± 1.3 | 9.4 ± 1.3 | 0.039 |
| Posterior wall thickness, cm | 8.9 ± 1.2 | 9.3 ± 1.3 | 0.027 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | 9.4 ± 1.5 * | 0.048 |
| Internal diameter (diastolic), cm | 46.1 ± 4.2 | 47.0 ± 4.0 | 0.18 | 46.8 ± 4.2 | 47.4 ± 3.5 | 0.25 |
| Mitral inflow E/A | 1.16 ± 0.31 | 1.18 ± 0.47 | 0.75 | 1.16 ± 0.48 | 1.23 ± 0.46 | 0.58 |
| LV mass index, kg/m2 | 71.8 ± 15.0 | 76.1 ± 16.0 | 0.074 | 75.6 ± 16.4 | 77.4 ± 15.2 | 0.16 |
| Myocardial e’ (average), cm/sec | 8.6 ± 2.1 | 8.3 ± 2.2 | 0.31 | 8.2 ± 2.2 | 8.4 ± 2.1 | 0.51 |
| IVRT, ms | 93.7 ± 20.8 | 88.8 ± 16.6 | 0.068 | 89.7 ± 17.8 | 86.8 ± 13.2 | 0.11 |
| LV E/e’ | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 8.4 ± 2.5 | 0.29 | 8.3 ± 2.3 | 8.7 ± 3.0 | 0.29 |
| LA electromechanical parameters | ||||||
| PR interval, ms | 152.9 ± 19.7 | 167.2 ± 23.9 | <0.001 | 164.0 ± 23.8 * | 174.4 ± 22.9 *,# | <0.001 |
| LA volume (max), mL | 36.8 ± 12.1 | 40.5 ± 13.9 | 0.07 | 38.7 ± 15.0 | 44.2 ± 13.2 *,# | 0.007 |
| LA emptying fraction (LAEF), % | 43.6 ± 7.8 | 44.2 ± 8.2 | 0.66 | 44.8 ± 8.3 | 42.6 ± 7.6 | 0.19 |
| LA volume index, mL/m2 | 19.4 ± 6.3 | 20.4 ± 6.4 | 0.30 | 19.7 ± 6.7 | 22.1 ± 5.5 | 0.036 |
| PALS, % | 35.1 ± 6.0 | 30.9 ± 6.2 | <0.001 | 32.0 ± 6.1 * | 28.2 ± 5.5 *,# | <0.001 |
| LA reservoir function, 1/s | 1.59 ± 0.30 | 1.33 ± 0.27 | <0.001 | 1.38 ± 0.25 * | 1.22 ± 0.28 *,# | <0.001 |
| LA conduit function, 1/s | 1.58 ± 0.51 | 1.38 ± 0.54 | 0.01 | 1.48 ± 0.54 | 1.13 ± 0.46 *,# | <0.001 |
| LA booster pump function, 1/s | 2.13 ± 0.50 | 1.88 ± 0.58 | 0.003 | 1.98 ± 0.55 | 1.62 ± 0.57 *,# | <0.001 |
* p remained <0.05 vs. non-drinker; # p remained <0.05 vs. habitual drinkers with ALDH2 polymorphism (−) using ANOVA method.