Table 1.
Patients with Low Vitamin D | (3) Patients with Normal Vitamin D ≥30 ng/mL N = 10 |
p-Values (1) + (2) vs. (3) |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Deficiency < 20 ng/mL N = 46 | (2) Insufficiency ≥ 20 ng/mL N = 25 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) | ||
Age at diagnosis
Mean ± SD |
37.63 ± 12.07 | 37.50 ± 9.82 | 0.9 | |
39.56 ± 12.31 | 34.08 ± 10.99 | 0.2 | ||
Age at onset
Mean ± SD |
35.01 ± 11.84 | 36.80 ± 9.58 | 0.5 | |
37.61 ± 12.32 | 30.24 ± 9.37 | 0.04 | ||
Gender F/M | 47/24 | 7/3 | 0.8 | |
31/15 | 16/9 | 0.9 | ||
Edss at diagnosis
Mean ± SD |
1.58 ± 0.85 | 0.85 ± 0.62 | 0.01 | |
1.67 ± 0.79 | 1.42 ± 0.94 | 0.009 | ||
MRI high brain LL yes/no | 32/39 | 3/7 | 0.3 | |
20/26 | 12/13 | 0.6 | ||
MRI spinal yes/no | 44/27 | 9/1 | 0.08 | |
29/17 | 15/10 | 0.2 | ||
MRI Gd+ yes/no | 35/36 | 5/5 | 0.9 | |
23/23 | 12/13 | 0.9 | ||
Vitamin D
Mean ± SD |
17.29 ± 6.25 | 36.11 ± 6.16 | <0.0001 | |
13.71 ± 4.15 | 24.15 ± 2.78 | <0.0001 | ||
SDMT raw score
Mean ± SD |
47.58 ± 14.74 | 59.7 ± 15.16 | 0.03 | |
45.5 + 14.15 | 52.45 ±14.69 | 0.02 | ||
Z-score
Mean ± SD |
−0.55 ± 1.26 | 0.47 ± 1.28 | 0.02 | |
−0.67 ± 1.21 | −0.26 ± 1.32 | 0.03 | ||
EDSSS last fu
Mean ± SD |
1.62 ± 1.26 | 0.95 ± 0.92 | 0.09 | |
1.84 ± 1.29 | 1.22 ± 1.12 | 0.03 | ||
MSSS at last fu
Mean ± SD |
3.23 ± 2.22 | 2.35 ± 1.82 | 0.3 | |
3.59 ± 2.15 | 2.58 ± 2.23 | 0.07 | ||
ARMSS at last fu
Mean ± SD |
3.06 ± 2.10 | 1.93 ± 1.55 | 0.1 | |
3.23 ± 2.07 | 2.74 ± 2.16 | 0.1 |
Abbreviations: ARMSS, age-related MS severity score; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; fu, follow-up; Gd+, gadolinium-enhanced lesions; LL, lesion load; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MS, multiple sclerosis; MSSS, MS severity score; SD, standard deviation; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test.