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NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The priming signal (signal 1) occurs in the presence of danger signals (PAMPs and DAMPs), leading to the activation of the NF-κB and subsequent upregulation of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1 and pro-caspase1. The activation signal (signal 2) starts with the direct activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with ROS recruitment. The process leads to inflammation and pyroptosis.
