(h)MSC	(human) Messenchymal stem, cell
ACAN	Aggrecan
ADAMTS	A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
ADMSC	Adipose mesenchymal stem cell
AFMSC	Amniotic fluids mesenchymal stem cell
AKT	Protein kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
Bax	Bcl-2-associated X
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BMMSC	Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell
cAMP	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CCP3	ATP/GTP binding protein like 3
CD-	Cluster of differentiation
CDH11	Cadherin 11
CDKN1A	Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
CGPR	Calcitonin gene related protein
COL- I, II, 2A1	Type I, II, 2A1 collagen
COL10A1	Type X collagen
COMP	Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (or thrombospodin 5)
CRPS	Complex regional pain syndrome
DKK-1	Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1
DMEM	Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium
ECM	Extracellular matrix
ELF3	E74-like ETS transcription factor 3
ERK	Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
ESC	Embryonic stem cell
EV/EVs	Extracellular vesicles
FBS	Fetal bovine serum
FGF-2	Fibroblast growth factor 2
FoxO3	Kruppel like factor 3-antisense RNA 1
GIT1	G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 1
H&E staining	Hematoxylin and eosin staining
HEK293	Human embryonic kidney 293 cell
HGF	Hepatocyte growth factor
hiPSC	Human induced pluripotent stem cell
HUVEC	Human umbilical vein endothelial cell
IFN-	Interferon
IHC staining	Immunohistochemistry staining
IL-	Interleukin-
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
KLF3-AS1	Kruppel like factor 3-antisense RNA 1
LFJ	Lumbar facet joint
LNA	Locked nucleic acid
lncRNA	Long noncoding ribonucleic acid
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MIA	Monosodium iodoacetate
miRNA	Micro ribonucleic acid
MISEV	Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles
MMP-	Matrix metalloproteinase-
mTOR	Mammalian target of Rapamycin
NF-kb	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NO	Nitric oxide
NSAIDs	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OA	Osteoarthritis
OCN	Osteocalcin
p38	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PI3K-AKT	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt/Protein Kinase B
PRG4	Proteoglycan 4 (or lubricin)
PTEN	Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10
PTGS2	Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
PWL	Paw withdrawal latency
PWT	Paw withdrawal threshold
RalA	Ras-related protein
RANK	Receptor activator of NF-κB
RANKL	RANK Ligand
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
RUNX2	Runt-Related transcription factor 2
s-GAG	Sulfate glycosaminoglycan
sgRNA	Single-guided ribonucleic acid
siRNA	Small interfering ribonucleic acid
Smad	“Small mothers against decapentaplegic” proteins family
SMSC	Synovial mesenchymal stem cell
SOX9	SRY-related HMG-box 9
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TEC	Tubular endothelial cell
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TIMP-	Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TMJ-OA	Temporomandibular joint-osteoarthritis
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TRAF6	Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6
UCMSC	Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell
Wnt5a/b	Wnt family member 5a/b
YAP	Yes-associated protein
Ym1	Chitinase-like 3
α-MEM	Minimum Essential Medium Eagle-α modification