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. 2021 Nov 4;10(11):3011. doi: 10.3390/cells10113011

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Examination of the optimal conditions for creating alkaline phosphatase-positive HUCPVCs (ALP(+)-HUCPVCs) from HUCPVCs. (a) Effect of various factors on the ALP-inducing activity of HUCPVCs. HUCPVCs were cultured with or without various factors, and ALP-inducing activity was measured at days 3 (top) and 7 (bottom). TGF-β: transforming growth factor-beta1, BMP2: human bone morphogenic protein-2, LDN: LDN-193189, VD: activated vitamin D3, SB: SB431542. Cont: HUCPVCs cultured without factors. (b) Effect of LDN-193189 (0, 50, 100, and 200 nM) on ALP-inducing activity of HUCPVCs. (c) Effect of dexamethasone (DEXA) on the ALP-inducing activity of HUCPVCs. HUCPVCs were cultured with or without DEXA in the absence of VD, LDN, and TGF-β1 (Cont) or in the presence of activated vitamin D3 alone (V-HUCPVCs); VD and LDN (VL-HUCPVCs); and VD, LDN, and TGF-β1 (ALP(+)-HUCPVCs). Sta: standard medium, Min: mineralization medium. Values are the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of 6 wells.