Table 2.

List of commonly exported feedstock by developing countries to the European market

Class/category	Feedstock examples	Other remarks	References
Vegetable saps and extracts	Pomegranate extract, Aloe vera extracts, lavender, sea buckhorn and rosemary extracts, licorice, ginkgo extract, hops extract, marshmallow leaves, extract, etc	Protection from UV-A and -B rays, skin soothing and improving psoriasis, skin brightening, anti-aging and firming properties, medical or drug-like benefits, antioxidant, and antimicrobial	(Spekreijse et al. 2019; Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries 2020)
Vegetable and animal-derived oil, fats, and waxes	Palm oil, olive oil, babassu oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, hemp oil, avocado oil, shea butter, fat of cattle, fat of sheep, fat of buffalo, waxes of plant origin (commonly present as thin flakes), etc	Derived from plants, either from seeds or, less often, from other parts of fruits	(Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries 2020; 2021)
Coloring matter of vegetable and animal origin	Alkanet (red/purple), annatto (orange/red), avocado (green/yellow), chamomile (blue), hibiscus (red/pink), nettle (green), etc	Derived from various parts of plants and other biological sources such as fungi and lichens	(Spekreijse et al. 2019; Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries 2020)
Raw plant-based materials such as sugars, cellulose, and oils	Apple water, clover honey, comb honey, spring flower honey, green tea, lavender, nettle, rosemary, sandalwood water, etc	Surface-active agents as emulsifiers, solubilizing agents, etc. Humectants, thickening agents, film formers as well as polymers	(Spekreijse et al. 2019; Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries 2020)
Essential oil and oleoresins (mixture of essential oil and a resin)	Peppermint, jasmine, lavender, basil oil sweet, cardamom seed, chamomile blue, caraway, lemongrass, lemon balm, lemon oregano, etc	Obtained by distillation and used in perfumery and personal care sector	(Barbieri and Borsotto 2018; Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries 2020)