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. 2021 Nov 25;12:6856. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27071-4

Fig. 4. Structural evolution of functional groups during protonation treatment.

Fig. 4

a, b FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra of OPD with or without protonation treatment. c, d FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra of CDs with or without protonation treatment (black line: spectra of samples without protonation treatment; red line: spectra of samples with protonation treatment).