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. 2021 Nov 25;11:22907. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02433-6

Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival.

Characteristic Univariate Multivariate
N (%) HR (95% CI) P-value HR (95% CI) P-value
Age, years  < 75 569 (78.2)
 ≥ 75 159 (21.8) 1.65 (1.26–2.17)  < 0.001 1.79 (1.28–2.51) 0.001
CCI  < 3 620 (85.2)
 ≥ 3 108 (14.8) 2.55 (1.92–3.39)  < 0.001 2.89 (1.96–4.27)  < 0.001
ECOG PS 0 144 (19.8)
1–2 510 (70.1) 2.16 (1.44–3.23)  < 0.001 2.08 (1.19–3.64) 0.010
 ≥ 3 74 (10.2) 3.72 (2.25–6.14)  < 0.001 3.18 (1.62–6.25) 0.001
Cytogenetics Favorable 254 (65.0)
Unfavorable 137 (35.0) 1.24 (0.90–1.72)  < 0.001
β2MG, mg/L  < 5.5 404 (57.8)
 ≥ 5.5 295 (42.2) 1.86 (1.45–2.39)  < 0.001 1.65 (1.15–2.37) 0.006
LDH Normal 440 (74.8)
Abnormal 148 (25.2) 1.82 (1.36–2.43)  < 0.001 1.52 (1.06–2.19) 0.024
R-ISS Stage I 40 (7.4)
Stage II 306 (56.4) 1.50 (0.76–3.00) 0.246 0.90 (0.44–1.83) 0.769
Stage III 197 (36.3) 2.83 (1.42–5.63)  < 0.001 1.09 (0.49–2.42) 0.836

OS, overall survival; HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; β2MG, β2 microglobulin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; R-ISS, revised international staging system.