Table. 3.
Quality of life association and other variables in this study including second-hand smoke exposure and wealth index
| Physical health domain | Psychological Domain | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 1a | Model 2b | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Unexposed | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Secondhand | -0.33 (-0.69, 0.02) | -0.04 (-0.36, 0.29) | -0.66 (-1.09, -0.23)c | -0.26 (-0.63, 0.10)c |
| Mild active | 0.03 (-0.18, 0.25) | -0.03 (-0.24, 0.18) | -0.33 (-0.59, -0.06)c | -0.43 (-0.67, -0.19)c |
| Moderate active | 0.32 (-0.19, 0.83) | -0.03 (-0.51, 0.45) | -0.11 (-0.73, 0.49) | -0.54 (-1.07, 0.01)c |
| Severe active | -0.36 (-0.74, 0.02) | -0.45 (-0.84, -0.07)c | -0.67 (-1.13, -0.21)c | -0.79 (-1.22, -0.37)c |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 0.56 (0.36, 0.76)c | 0.54 (0.32, 1.76)c | 0.60 (0.35, 0.84)c | 0.62 (0.37, 0.87)c |
| Age, year | 0.01 (-0.01, 0.02) | 0.01 (-0.01, 0.02) | -0.01 (-0.02, 0.01) | -0.01 (-0.02, 0.01) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Single | 0.09 (-0.17, 0.35) | 0.13 (-0.12, 0.38) | -0.32 (-0.63, -0.01)c | -0.34 (-0.63, -0.07) |
| Divorced or Widowed | -0.32 (-0.88, 0.20) | 0.39 (-0.10, 0.89) | -1.32 (-1.95, -0.69)c | -0.30 (-0.86, 0.25)c |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Highest (richest) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| High | -0.16 (-0.47, 0.14) | -0.04 (-0.32, 0.24) | -0.15 (-0.51, 0.22) | -0.04 (-0.35, 0.28) |
| Middle | -0.30 (-0.60, 0.01) | -0.14 (-0.43, 0.14) | -0.71 (-1.07, -0.34)c | -0.53 (-0.86, -0.21)c |
| Low | -0.35 (-0.65, -0.04)c | -0.15 (-0.45, 0.15) | -0.80 (-1.17, -0.43)c | -0.55 (-0.89, -0.22)c |
| Lowest (poorest) | -0.50 (-0.80, -0.19)c | -0.20 (-0.53, 0.13) | -1.10 (-1.47, -0.73)c | -0.84 (-1.22, -0.48)c |
| Education Level | ||||
| MSc, Ph.D., Post Doc | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Illiterate or Primary | -0.79 (-1.30, -0.28)c | -0.68 (-1.21, -0.16)c | -1.04 (-1.66, -0.42)c | -0.36 (-0.96, 0.23) |
| Intermediate | 0.18 (-0.30, 0.67) | 0.42 (-0.07, 0.91) | -0.61 (-1.20, -0.02)c | 0.07 (-0.48, 0.62) |
| Diploma | -0.40 (-0.69, -0.11) | -0.17 (-0.47, 0.14) | -0.53 (-0.88, -0.17)c | 0.06 (-0.28, 0.41) |
| Upper Diploma | -0.20 (-0.57, 0.17) | -0.01 (-0.36, 0.35) | -0.49 (-0.94, -0.04)c | -0.11 (-0.51, 0.28) |
| Bachelor of Science | -0.21 (-0.45, 0.02) | -0.03 (-0.26, 0.19) | -0.46 (-0.75, -0.17)c | -0.14 (-0.39, 0.12) |
a The effect of each independent variable on the mean score of Quality of life (univariate analysis)
b The effect of each variable, by adjusting the effect of other variables on the mean score of Quality of life (multiple analysis)
c Bold indicates p-value < 0.05