Table 2.
The exposure variables recommendations for Monte Carlo simulations
| Unit | Value for children (7–13 years old) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| C | Concentration of the pollutant | mg/m3 | – |
| IRc | Inhalation rate, children | m3/h | 0.65 ± 0.125 [51] |
| EDc | Exposure duration, children | h/d |
14–18 (min-max) (Questionnaires) |
| BWc | Body weight, children | Kg |
21.6–49 (min-max) (Questionnaires) |
| D | Days of exposure per week | D | 7 |
| WK | Weeks of exposure | Week | 50 |
| YE | Years of exposure | Y | 18 |
| YL | Years in lifetime | Y | 70 |
| UR | Unit risk | (mg/kg·d)−1 | Benzene = 0.029 [52] |
| RfD | Reference dose | (mg/kg·d) |
Benzene= 0.01 |
|
Toluene= 2.3 | |||
|
Xylenes= 0.04 |
RfD = RfC (inhalation reference concentration mg/m3) × 15.73 (assumed children (7–13 years old) inhalation rate m3 /d) × 1/BWc (kg); based on RfCs for USEPA, IRIS (benzene = 0.03 mg/m3, toluene = 5 mg/m3, xylenes = 0.1 mg/m3) [27].