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. 2021 Nov 25;11:22952. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98506-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reconstruction of the tractography of ascending arousal network. (A) A complete reconstruction of the AAN of a normal subject is demonstrated. Major components including the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) projecting to the dorsal frontal cortex, the dorsal raphe (DR), the thalamic-hypothalamic complex (asterisk), and superior and inferior tegmental tracts (TT) projecting to the basal frontal cortex are shown. (B) A reconstruction of the AAN of a comatose patient after a severe traumatic brain injury is observed, denoting a destruction of the tegmental tracts. (C) A reconstruction of the AAN of a patient after a stroke demonstrates a disruption of the tracts in the length of the MFB, the fibers of the DR, and the tegmental tracts. (D) A reconstruction of the AAN is shown in a comatose patient after a cardiac arrest, demonstrating a decrease in the number of fibers of all components of the AAN.