Fig. 1. Genomic receptor profiling identifies twelve SARS-CoV-2 S-binding membrane proteins.

a Scheme of genomic receptor profiling. Plasmids encoding 5054 human membrane proteins were individually co-transfected with a CFP reporter into HEK293E cells. Cells were incubated with SARS-CoV-2 S-ECD-hFc protein, labeled using anti-hFc-APC antibody, then the binding was measured by flow cytometry. b Profiling identified S protein-binding receptor-like host factors. The relative binding of factors with S-ECD-hFc compared to that with hFc control in CFP⁺ cells were presented (means ± SEM, n = 4). c Representative flow dot plot showing the binding of S-ECD with top-ranked factors. d Characteristics of the identified interactions. ACCN, accession number; MP Type, membrane protein type. Binding Folds, relative binding of hFc-tagged NTD/RBD/S2 to hFc control. Major binding domain on S protein for each factor was labeled red.