Table 5.
Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) Predicting Outcomes for Measures of Service Linkage for Specific Services Accessed
| Adherent ART use |
Suppressed viral load |
Good physical health functioning |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | AORc | OR | AORa | OR | AORa | |
| Addition of one service linkage withb | ||||||
| HIV primary care | 1.28*** (1.15–1.44) | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 1.34*** (1.17–1.55) | 1.11° (0.98–1.26) | 0.87* (0.77–0.99) | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) |
| Dental services | 1.16* (1.00–1.34) | 1.06 (0.89–1.27) | 1.28** (1.06–1.54) | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 1.10 (0.90–1.33) |
| Medical practitioners | 1.16* (1.02–1.32) | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 1.32** (1.09–1.61) | 1.19° (0.99–1.42) | 0.96 (0.81–1.15) | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) |
| Substance use treatment | 1.32* (1.03–1.68) | 1.26 (0.93–1.71) | 1.14 (0.91–1.42) | 1.04 (0.83–1.29) | 1.04 (0.81–1.33) | 1.16 (0.90–1.50) |
| Mental health treatment | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) | 0.89 (0.72–1.10) | 0.98 (0.79–1.21) |
| Case management | 1.23*** (1.11–1.37) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 1.36*** (1.18–1.56) | 1.12° (0.99–1.28) | 0.85** (0.76–0.96) | 0.90° (0.80–1.02) |
| Housing services | 1.32** (1.11–1.57) | 1.17 (0.96–1.41) | 1.26* (1.02–1.55) | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | 1.04 (0.86–1.26) | 1.05 (0.86–1.29) |
| Food services | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 0.99 (0.85–1.18) | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) | 0.90 (0.75–1.10) | 0.97 (0.80–1.17) |
| Financial assistance | 1.03 (0.80–1.31) | 0.95 (0.71–1.28) | 1.18 (0.85–1.65) | 1.14 (0.82–1.57) | 1.03 (0.72–1.46) | 1.14 (0.81, 1.61) |
| Missed medical appointments |
ER visit |
Hospital admission |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | AORa | OR | AORa | OR | AORa | |
| Addition of one service linkage withb | ||||||
| Primary care |
0.91° (0.81–1.01) |
0.97 (0.87–1.08) |
0.96 (0.87–1.04) |
0.96 (0.88–1.05) |
1.06 (0.95–1.18) |
1.05 (0.94–1.16) |
| Dental |
0.85* (0.73–0.99) |
0.88° (0.76–1.02) |
0.88° (0.77–1.01) |
0.88° (0.76–1.00) |
0.99 (0.84–1.16) |
0.98 (0.83–1.15) |
| Other practitioners |
0.99 (0.87–1.14) |
1.05 (0.92–1.20) |
0.95 (0.83–1.08) |
0.93 (0.81–1.06) |
1.11 (0.97–1.27) |
1.10 (0.96–1.25) |
| Substance use treatment |
0.89 (0.72–1.11) |
0.99 (0.80–1.22) |
0.86 (0.69–1.05) |
0.88 (0.71–1.09) |
1.03 (0.86–1.23) |
1.09 (0.91–1.30) |
| Mental health treatment |
1.04 (0.88–1.22) |
1.05 (0.90–1.23) |
1.07 (0.94–1.22) |
1.02 (0.90–1.16) |
1.17* (1.01–1.35) |
1.12 (0.96–1.30) |
| Case management |
0.88* (0.79–0.97) |
0.94 (0.85–1.04) |
0.92° (0.84–1.00) |
0.93° (0.85–1.01) |
0.96 (0.86–1.06) |
0.97 (0.88–1.08) |
| Housing |
0.87 (0.72–1.05) |
0.92 (0.77–1.10) |
0.94 (0.80–1.10) |
0.97 (0.84–1.13) |
0.97 (0.83–1.15) |
1.03 (0.89–1.20) |
| Food assistance |
1.03 (0.87–1.22) |
1.01 (0.87–1.19) |
0.97 (0.85–1.10) |
0.95 (0.84–1.08) |
1.04 (0.90–1.20) |
1.02 (0.89–1.18) |
| Financial assistance | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) | 0.92 (0.70–1.20) | 0.96 (0.74–1.26) | 0.97 (0.74–1.26) | 0.85 (0.65–1.12) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.15) |
a
Adjusted for race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, poverty, problem drug use, mental health functioning, food insecurity, housing need, and ART.
b
Addition of an additional service linkage of any type to each of the services listed.
c
Adjusted for race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, poverty, problem drug use, mental health functioning, food insecurity, and housing need.
***
p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; °p < 0.10.
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; ER, emergency room; OR, odds ratio.