Table 3.

Codelivery of photosensitizers and immunotherapy drugs based on nanocarriers.

Nanoparticle	Photosensitizers	Immunotherapy Drugs	Tumor	Data Sources	Findings	Ref
Ce6-Gold nanoclusters-PEG2000-CD3 antibody-cytokine-induced killer cell NPs	Chlorin e6 (Ce6)	CD3 antibody	MGC-803	In vitro, Animals	The fluorescence intensity of GNCS-CE6 was approximately 4.5 times that of GNCs, thereby mediating a stronger PDT effect. Increased drug aggregation at the tumor site by targeting CIK cells.	[142] 2018
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells loaded with MnO2@Chlorin e6 NPs (iPS-MnO2@Ce6)	Chlorin e6 (Ce6)	Tumor antigens of human-induced pluripotent stem cells	Lewis	In vitro, Animals	iPS promoted the aggregation of nanoparticles at the tumor site and could be lysed by ROS produced by PDT to release tumor antigens. MnO2 interacted with H2O2 to release oxygen and alleviated tumor hypoxia.	[143] 2020
Chlorin e6- and imiquimod-loaded upconversion NPs (UCNPs-Ce6-R837 NPs)	Chlorin e6 (Ce6)	Imiquimod (R837)	CT26	In vitro, Animals	Lanthanide ions in UCNP nanoparticles could transform long near-infrared light into shorter wave light, improving tissue permeability. Toll-like receptor 7 agonist R837 was used as an adjuvant for enhanced antitumor immune response.	[144] 2017
Diblock copolymer azide-modified polyethylene glycol block polyaspartic acid(benzylamine) (Azide PEG-Pasp(Bz) micelles	Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)	Mal-GGPLGVRG-Pra peptide modified aPD-L1	B16-F10	In vitro, Animals	Dual corresponding functions of pH and MMP-2 responses enhanced the aggregation of NPs in tumor cells. The blood circulation of NPs was prolonged, and their antitumor ability was enhanced.	[145] 2021
Serum albumin-coated boehmite B NPs	Chlorin e6 (Ce6)	Bee Venom Melittin (MLT)	4T1	In vitro, Animals	Significantly reduced the hemolysis caused by MLT and decreased the toxic side effects. MLT enhanced immunogenic cell death and dendritic cell activation, coactivating antitumor immunity with PDT.	[5] 2019