Table 1.
Antibacterial activity of RSALE and Amoxicillin (used as positive control) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
| Conc. of Sample | Zone of Inhibition (mm) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staphylococcus aureus | Escherichia coli | Bacillus subtilis | Streptococcus pyogenes | Proteus vulgaris | ||||||
| R. serpentina Leaf Extract | Amoxicillin (Positive Control) | R. serpentina Leaf Extract | Amoxicillin (Positive Control) | R. serpentina Leaf Extract | Amoxicillin (Positive Control) | R. serpentina Leaf Extract | Amoxicillin (Positive Control) | R. serpentina Leaf Extract | Amoxicillin (Positive Control) | |
| Negative Control | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | - |
| 10 mg/mL | 9 ± 0.5 *** | - | 10 ± 0.05 *** | - | 8 ± 0.02 ** | - | N.Z. ns | - | N.Z. ns | - |
| 25 mg/mL | 13 ± 0.05 *** | 8 ± 0.02 ** | 12 ± 0.07 *** | 7 ± 0.5 ** | 10 ± 0.01 *** | 6 ± 0.3 ** | NZ ns | 11 ± 0.02 *** | NZ ns | NZ ns |
| 50 mg/mL | 25.4 ± 0.3 *** | - | 20 ± 0.5 *** | - | 18 ± 0.2 *** | - | N.Z. ns | - | N.Z. ns | - |
| 75 mg/mL | 32.3 ± 0.4 *** | - | 30 ± 0.6 *** | - | 19 ± 0.05 *** | - | 13 ± 0.05 *** | - | N.Z. ns | - |
| 100 mg/mL | 34 ± 0.1 *** | - | 35 ± 0.1 *** | - | 28.4 ± 0.01 *** | - | 18 ± 0.01 *** | - | N.Z. ns | - |
Significantly different from control at *** p < 0.001, significantly different from control at ** p < 0.01, non-significantly different from control at ns p > 0.05. Note: N.Z.—No zone of inhibition; the values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).