Table 4.

The binding energy of red rice phenolic metabolites with target proteins involved in glucose metabolism.

Red Rice Phenolic Metabolites	Binding Energy (kcal/mol) with Target Proteins
	α-Amylase	α-Glucosidase	DPP IV	PTP 1B	IRS
3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone	−5.27	−6.84	−6.89	−7.89	−5.05
3-methylcatechol	−4.44	−5.43	−5.17	−5.14	−4.33
3′-O-Methylviolanone	−7.13	−7.84	−6.95	−7.31	−7.00
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	−4.14	−4.76	−4.30	−4.99	−4.32
Benzoic acid	−4.66	−4.54	−5.00	−4.87	−3.25
Catechin	−6.72	−8.67	−7.81	−7.17	−7.41
Cirsimaritin	−6.41	−7.86	−9.79	−7.46	−8.00
Dihydroquercetin	−7.91	−7.91	−7.43	−6.89	−7.25
Isorhamnetin	−5.62	−7.89	−7.75	−7.65	−6.93
Isoxanthohumol	−7.64	−9.26	−9.49	−8.72	−8.42