Table 1.
Physicochemical characteristics of phytochemicals reviewed in this manuscript that are intended for oral administration.
| Phytochemicals | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | Aqueous Solubility (mg/mL) | logP Value | pKa Value (Strongest Acidic) |
pKa Value (Strongest Basic) |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | 368.4 | 0.00575 | 4.12 | 9.06 | –4.4 | [24] |
| Quercetin | 302.236 | 0.261 | 2.16 | 6.44 | –4 | [25] |
| Resveratrol | 228.25 | 0.0688 | 3.4 | 8.49 | –6.2 | [26] |
| Thymoquinone | 164.201 | <1 | 2.55 | - | –7.7 | [27] |
| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | 458.372 | 0.871 | 3.08 | 8.73 | –3.3 | [28] |
| Ursolic acid | 456.7 | 0.00059 | 6.58 | 4.74 | –0.84 | [29] |
| Ferulic acid | 194.18 | 0.906 | 1.67 | 3.77 | –4.9 | [30] |
| 10-Hydroxycamptothecin | 392.404 | 0.331 | 1.69 | 9.65 | 3.17 | [31] |
| Apocynin | 166.174 | 3.04 | 1.62 | 8.27 | –4.9 | [32] |
| Astaxanthin | 596.841 | 0.000667 | 8.05 | 13.07 | –3.5 | [33] |
| Berberine | 336.3612 | 0.000354 | 3.6 | 15 | –4.4 | [34] |
| Piperine | 285.35 | 0.149 | 3.38 | 12.21 | –0.13 | [35] |
| Lutein | 568.871 | 0.000732 | 8.55 | 18.22 | –0.91 | [36] |
| Silymarin | 482.44 | 0.0926 | 2.63 | 7.75 | –3 | [37] |
| Naringenin | 272.257 | 0.214 | 2.84 | 7.91 | –3.9 | [38] |