Table 3.
Contents of hop essential oils (average ± SD) in dry cones of HLVd-free and infected plants of the Saaz cultivar.
| HLVd Infection | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harvest year | 2019 | 2019 | 2020 | 2020 |
| Number of samples | 21 | 6 | 14 | 56 |
| Total oils (% of DW) | 0.527 ± 0.146 | 0.438 ± 0.108 | 0.443 ± 0.094 | 0.481 ± 0.112 |
| Monoterpenes (% of EO) | ||||
| Myrcene | 19.75 ± 3.12 | 24.60 ± 5.82 ** | 22.79 ± 3.71 | 25.26 ± 3.81 ** |
| α-pinene | 0.053 ± 0.013 | 0.083 ± 0.027 *** | 0.082 ± 0.025 | 0.116 ± 0.026 *** |
| β-pinene | 0.414 ± 0.070 | 0.603 ± 0.157 *** | 0.615 ± 0.161 | 0.871 ± 0.186 *** |
| Sesquiterpenes (% of EO) | ||||
| α-humulene | 20.72 ± 2.52 | 19.08 ± 2.27 | 20.38 ± 2.59 | 20.17 ± 2.67 |
| β-caryophyllene | 8.74 ± 1.00 | 7.02 ± 1.58 *** | 7.09 ± 1.11 | 6.68 ± 1.03 |
| β-farnesene | 23.50 ± 3.00 | 20.79 ± 3.38 * | 22.13 ± 3.00 | 17.96 ± 2.82 *** |
| γ-muurolene | 1.098 ± 0.165 | 0.892 ± 0.263 ** | 0.796 ± 0.106 | 0.765 ± 0.120 |
| β-bisabolene | 0.409 ± 0.097 | 0.420 ± 0.040 | 0.474 ± 0.061 | 0.405 ± 0.093 *** |
| γ-cadinene | 1.136 ± 0.172 | 0.912 ± 0.267 ** | 0.806 ± 0.107 | 0.779 ± 0.130 |
| δ-cadinene | 1.892 ± 0.257 | 1.512 ± 0.404 *** | 1.295 ± 0.204 | 1.214 ± 0.201 |
| Selinenes | 1.626 ± 0.462 | 1.588 ± 1.086 | 1.108 ± 0.168 | 1.064 ± 0.244 |
| Alcohols (% of EO) | ||||
| Linalool | 0.201 ± 0.064 | 0.303 ± 0.084 *** | 0.337 ± 0.124 | 0.554 ± 0.175 *** |
| Geraniol | 0.035 ± 0.014 | 0.218 ± 0.127 *** | 0.204 ± 0.278 | 0.514 ± 0.272 *** |
| Epoxides A (% of EO) | 0.859 ± 0.483 | 0.995 ± 0.397 | 1.558 ± 0.522 | 3.070 ± 1.173 *** |
| Ketones B (% of EO) | 2.637 ± 0.461 | 2.302 ± 0.289 | 2.838 ± 0.495 | 1.970 ± 0.483 *** |
| Esters (% of EO) | ||||
| Methylgeranate | 0.082 ± 0.035 | 0.348 ± 0.150 *** | 0.198 ± 0.139 | 0.672 ± 0.381 *** |
| Methylheptanoate | 0.261 ± 0.087 | 0.259 ± 0.078 | 0.329 ± 0.090 | 0.434 ± 0.109 *** |
| Methyloctanoate | 0.547 ± 0.204 | 0.432 ± 0.063 | 0.420 ± 0.163 | 0.314 ± 0.132 ** |
| Methylnon-6-enoate | 0.069 ± 0.030 | 0.093 ± 0.056 | 0.084 ± 0.035 | 0.157 ± 0.029 *** |
| Methyl-8-methylnonanoate | 0.158 ± 0.053 | 0.121 ± 0.043 | 0.163 ± 0.046 | 0.114 ± 0.043 *** |
| Methyldeca-4,8-dienoate | 0.433 ± 0.118 | 0.485 ± 0.113 | 0.409 ± 0.121 | 0.702 ± 0.126 *** |
| Methyldecanoate | 0.383 ± 0.137 | 0.288 ± 0.045 | 0.259 ± 0.096 | 0.140 ± 0.081 *** |
| Methyldodeca-3,6-dienoate | 0.924 ± 0.180 | 0.827 ± 0.070 | 0.813 ± 0.146 | 0.550 ± 0.173 *** |
Probability level: *—p < 0.1, **—p < 0.05, and ***—p < 0.01. Abbreviations: DW—dry weight; EO—essential oils; A Epoxides—sum of caryophyllene epoxide, humulene epoxide I a II; and B Ketones—sum of 2-nonanone, 2-decanone, 7-Me-2-decanone, 2-undecanone, and 2-tridecanone.